Libmonster ID: JP-1225
Author(s) of the publication: Zh. V. PETRUNINA

Zh. V. PETRUNINA, Doctor of Historical Sciences Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University

Keywords: Russian Far East, Japan, investment policy

Investment cooperation between the region's economies was identified as one of the priorities at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summits in 2012 and 2013 [1].

The Russian Far East is becoming a promising region that will ensure our country's integration into the Asia-Pacific region. Its sustainable socio-economic development largely depends on the availability of stable financing and close cooperation between Russian and foreign investors.

As you know, Russia is among the countries that do not have a special investment attractiveness. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in the first quarter of 2012 the share of investment goods in the total volume of imports of the Russian Federation was 23%, and in the first quarter of 2013 it decreased to 22.8% [2]. At the same time, the Russian Far East has rich natural resources, which so far makes it attractive for investment in APEC economies.

Among the Far Eastern regions, the undisputed leader in attracting foreign capital is the Sakhalin Region, where oil and gas and mineral extraction projects are implemented. Nevertheless, there are many constraints to successful interaction of investors in the Russian Far East (poor infrastructure, remoteness from the territories of the central part of Russia, high prices, etc.).


The research was carried out at the expense of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 6.8003.2013 (G-107/13).

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tariffs, expensive labor, harsh climate, and others). There are also real concerns that Russian investors will not be able to compete with foreign investors.

The Russian authorities are making a lot of efforts to change the situation inside the country. Thus, in February 2007, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Regulations on the State Commission for the Socio-Economic Development of the Far East, the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Irkutsk Region, which has been headed by First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation I. I. Shuvalov since June 2012. The key problems that exist in the region were identified at a meeting of the Commission chaired by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on April 2, 2013 in Yakutsk. The Head of Government pointed out the urgent need to modernize the Far Eastern seaports and increase the capacity of the BAM and Trans-Siberian Railway, which will increase the volume of both domestic and transit traffic between Asian and European countries [3]; noted the intensity of operation of federal highways, which requires constant monitoring of their condition, emphasizing the need to expand the network of regional roads He drew attention to the need to improve air traffic, to the development of small and air ambulance aviation, to the reconstruction of old and construction of new runways. To solve these tasks, the Far East needs access to a full set of energy resources [4].

Among the issues discussed was the creation of a favorable investment climate in the Russian Far East, which investors in the APEC economies are interested in. In the XXI century, the countries of North-East Asia ( NEA) - Japan, China and South Korea-remain foreign economic partners of the Far Eastern region and are among its significant investors. This situation is explained by the geographical proximity of these countries, their dynamic economic development and active export of capital by NEA countries.

Investment activity in Japan, China, and South Korea was not the same throughout the first decade of the twenty-first century. Activity of investors " from NEA countries in the Far East was observed in 2000-2003. In other periods of time, the share of foreign direct investment from NEA in their total volume in the Far East was small" [5]. However, after the global economy began to recover from the financial and economic crisis, the economies of Japan, China, and South Korea began to revive and cooperation in investment cooperation with the Russian Far East expanded. This process can be explained by the fact that the leaders of the NEA states consider the results of cooperation as factors that restrain negative processes taking place in the foreign market.

Integration of the Russian Far East into the Asia-Pacific region, which includes, inter alia, creating a favorable investment climate, attracting foreign investment in the regional economy, and working with foreign investors, was identified by Russian President Vladimir Putin as a priority task in his address to the Federal Assembly and is enshrined in the new Strategy for the Development of the Far East (2013).).

In August 2013, Yu became the new Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District. Trutnev. His team, together with the Minister for the Development of the Far East A. Galushka, began to address issues of attracting foreign regional investors to the Far East. The process of creating territories of advanced development, where favorable conditions for doing business will be offered, has begun; such bodies as the Agency for Attracting Investment and Supporting Exports of the Far East, the Agency for the Development of Human Capital, the Fund for the Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region have been created, whose functions include financing new projects and providing personnel for new enterprises.

JAPAN IS THE LARGEST INVESTOR

Currently, among the NEA countries, Japan is the largest investor in the economy of the Russian Far East. By the end of 2012, the volume of accumulated Japanese investments in the Russian economy amounted to $10.779 billion, and in the economy of the Far East - about $10 billion [6]. However, these amounts are extremely small. According to K. Dmitriev, CEO of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), the volume of Japanese investments in the Russian Far Eastern economy in 2012 was less than 1% [7].

The key areas of trade and economic cooperation between Japan and Russia were set out in the "Japan-Russia Action Plan" adopted in Moscow in 2003.Economic cooperation between the two countries contributes to the restoration and strengthening of bilateral relations and the resumption of negotiations on resolving the territorial issue.

In April 2013, for the first time in 10 years, the Prime Minister of Japan paid an official visit to Russia. The agenda of the meeting between President Vladimir Putin and Shinzo Abe also included issues related to the comprehensive deepening of mutually beneficial trade development.-

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economic cooperation between the parties acting as equal partners. In a joint statement on the development of Russian-Japanese partnership, the leaders of the two countries stated the need to promote mutually beneficial projects in the field of energy, agriculture, infrastructure, transport and other areas between Japan and the Russian regions of the Far East and Eastern Siberia, and also "called for holding bilateral consultations on public-private partnership issues in order to promote cooperation." in these regions" [8].

During the talks, two important documents were signed: first, the Russian Direct Investment Fund, Vnesheconombank and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation signed a memorandum on the creation of a "Russian-Japanese Investment Platform" ($1 billion), aimed, among other things, at investing in projects in the Russian Far East; second, a memorandum between the Russian Government and the Russian Government. the Agency for Export Credit and Investment Insurance and the Japan Export Insurance Agency, cooperation between which should contribute to the development of bilateral trade and investment [9].

As part of the Group of 20 summit in Strelna (September 2013), Vladimir Putin and Shinzo Abe held regular talks, where the leaders of both countries discussed the prospects for bilateral cooperation in trade, economic and investment spheres.

During a meeting with the Japanese Prime Minister at the APEC summit (October 2013), Vladimir Putin noted a 7.2% increase in trade turnover between the two countries in the first half of 2013 and an increase in Japanese investment in the Russian economy [10].

In March 2014, Tokyo hosted the VI Russian-Japanese Investment Forum, the main theme of which was defined as "Opening up new areas of investment cooperation between Russia and Japan". Despite the fact that the government of Shinzo Abe declared its support for the position of Western countries in connection with the events in Ukraine, the termination of cooperation with Russia in the space sector and in some other areas, 13 bilateral agreements were signed as a result of the forum [11].

Despite the obvious desire of the Russian authorities to create conditions for increasing the business activity of Japanese investors in Russia, which would lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the population in our country, residents of the Russian Far East have not yet felt any real changes. According to V. Kirsanov, Head of the Center for Japanese Studies at the Institute of the Far East of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "Japanese companies, apart from energy projects in the Far East, still prefer to invest in more developed regions of the European part of Russia" [12].

NARROW FOCUS

The main part of Japan's investments in the Russian Far Eastern region is directed to the oil and gas industry (Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 oil and gas projects), gas production and processing projects (Chayandinskoye field - Yakut Gas production Center, Primorsky Krai), energy (Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin, Yakutia), diamond-cutting and mining and metallurgical industries (Yakutia), timber processing industry (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories).

The structure of Japanese investments attracted to the Russian Far Eastern economy is narrowly focused. At the Russian-Japanese forum "Points of Contact: Business, Technology, Culture", held in Tokyo from February 27 to March 1, 2013, in an interview with the Japanese news agency Kyodo Tsushin, the Minister of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East, Presidential Plenipotentiary Representative in the Far Eastern Federal District V. Ishaev said that until 2012 97% of investments were "concentrated in industries related to oil and natural gas production" [13]. Japan seeks to minimize its dependence on Middle Eastern oil, and Russia in this case seems to be the most profitable supplier due to its geographical location, flexibility of supply and reliability. The share of the Japanese side in the Sakhalin-1 project is 30%, and in the Sakhalin-1 project, the share of the Japanese side in the Sakhalin-1 project is 30%.-2" - 22,5% [14]. The Japanese business elite is interested in the further development of these projects, as they are the largest profitable source of oil and gas replenishment for Japan (delivery of raw materials from the island). Sakhalin to Japan takes 5 days) and look forward to the commissioning of the next Sakhalin projects.

Japan is experiencing a shortage of electricity. Russian-Japanese cooperation in the energy sector gained momentum after the conclusion of a 5-year framework agreement between Gazprom and the Japan Natural Resources and Energy Agency in November 2005. In January 2011, Gazprom and the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan signed an agreement on cooperation in preparing a joint feasibility study on the possibility of using natural gas in the Vladivostok region, supplying and selling natural gas and gas chemical products from the Vladivostok region to buyers in the Asia-Pacific region. The previously concluded contracts became the basis for signing in April 2011 an agreement between Gazprom and the Japanese consortium Japan Far East Gas Company to conduct a joint feasibility study

page 21

construction of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant and a gas chemical complex in the Vladivostok area. This project seems promising, since only one LNG production plant is currently operating in Russia, located on the island of. Sakhalin. LNG production in Vladivostok will make it possible to supply gas from Yakutia. It is planned to put this enterprise into operation by 2020, and by 2017 it is planned to complete the construction and launch of the Yakutsk-Khabarovsk - Vladivostok gas pipeline. This gas pipeline system will significantly reduce the cost of gas transportation, provide raw materials not only to the Russian Far Eastern territories, but also to the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region (including Japan), which will be able to receive raw materials through the ice-free port of Vladivostok all year round. Since the Fukushima earthquake, Japan has increased its consumption of liquefied natural gas, prompting the Russian government to step up construction of a plant in Vladivostok. Strengthening the results achieved, at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (2013), Gazprom's Chairman of the Management Committee A. Miller and Chief Executive Officer of the Japan Far East Gas Company consortium M.Toyoshima discussed the state and prospects of bilateral cooperation in the gas sector, and also signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Vladivostok LNG project [15].

"ASIAN SUPER RING "

According to Russian experts, it is also possible to solve the problem of energy deficit through transit electricity supplies via the "Asian Super-Ring". This project is intended to connect the energy systems of Russia, Mongolia, China, South Korea and Japan. This project was first proposed in 1998, but has not yet been implemented. After the Fukushima accident (March 2011), the Japanese side proposed to return to its consideration.

Despite significant difficulties in implementing this project (political contradictions between the parties, significant capital investments, etc.), the" Asian Super Ring " would contribute to the development of the Russian Far East through foreign investment (including Japanese) in the energy complex of this region of our country.

The Eastern Gas Program, adopted in September 2007, expands the opportunities for Japan's participation in the modernization of Russian Far Eastern electric power enterprises. An example of cooperation in the fuel and energy sector is the cooperation between the Japanese trading company Sojitsu and the Russian Center for Strategic Research on the Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Far East, whose representatives in April 2010 signed a memorandum providing for the supply of 30 gas turbine units manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries to the Far Eastern region of Russia until 2015 for combined heat and power generation. electrical energy. On June 6, 2012, within the framework of the 5th Russian-Japanese Investment Forum, Sojitsu, Kawasaki and RAO ES of the East signed a memorandum of understanding in cooperation to implement this project [14]. The total cost of the project will be about 20 billion rubles. yen [16].

To resolve the issue of electricity shortage in Japan, the Russian side offered Japanese investors to take part in the construction of two power plants: in Sovetskaya Gavan and on the island of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Sakhalin - with a capacity of 1 thousand tons each. MW each. In this case, Russia will be able to use coal from the Elgin field and Sakhalin Island coal mines, thereby contributing to their development. In the future, these stations can be connected by cable, stretching it along the bottom of the sea to Hokkaido and Honshu.

NON-RESOURCE PROJECTS

The Russian leadership also offers Japanese business circles other (non-energy-related) joint projects in different regions of the country, totaling more than $25 billion. About 20% of such investment proposals fall on the Far Eastern region of Russia [17].

Russia's intentions to receive direct investment from Japan in the development of the non-resource sector of the economy in the Far East of the country were confirmed by the Minister for the Development of the Far East A. Galushka at a Moscow meeting with the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan M. Toshimitsu on December 26, 2013 [18]. A real continuation of this plan may be the creation of industrial parks in the Russian Far East by Japanese companies, which Tokyo is already implementing in Vietnam, Malaysia and Japan.

The forestry industry can become a promising way of investment cooperation between the Russian Far East and Japan. The modern Russian Far Eastern forest complex is still focused mainly on China. Thus, the Russian side suffers losses due to the ongoing smuggling, deterioration of the production structure and dependence on the Chinese market, and Japan cannot compete with cheap Russian timber products supplied by China. If Japanese businesses take part in the modernization of forestry in the Russian Far Eastern territories, Japan will be able to purchase timber and its processed products directly from the Russian Federation.-

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This will significantly reduce the cost of production of goods, bypassing China. In 2012, the volume of Japanese investments in logging amounted to $5.5 million, and $8 million - in the woodworking and jewelry industry [14]. Not only Russian companies should participate in the system of lumber supplies from Russia to Japan, but also Japanese woodworking enterprises that are not only consumers of woodworking products, but also maintain high quality standards. The Japanese side declares the need to create a "Japanese-Russian Woodworking Technology Center", which will connect the work of enterprises in the industry, as well as train Russian Far Eastern specialists to operate modern high-tech equipment.

Japanese companies have already started investing in timber processing in the Russian Far East. The first Japanese-Russian project in this area in the Russian Far East was the construction of a veneer factory. In accordance with the agreement signed in 2006 by Sojitz on the Japanese side and Flora CJSC on the Russian side, a joint venture was established in Komsomolsk - on-Amur. The volume of capital invested by the Japanese side amounted to 280 million yen, and the production capacity is 120,000 m3 per year. Technical support was provided by the Japanese company SEIHOKU Corporation [19].

In 2008, Japanese investors invested $150 million. in the construction of plants of the company "Terneiles", engaged in the production of lumber and veneer. Since 2010, the Japanese company Sojitz, together with Russian specialists, has started producing plywood boards according to Japanese standards at the plant in Amursk.

In Sovetskaya Gavan there is an enterprise with one hundred percent Japanese capital, Vanino Tairiku LLC. To date, the product range includes about ten items. The main market for the company's products (floor and wall boards, bars of various cross - sections, etc.) is Japan, to a lesser extent-China and South Korea.

The Japanese side is also considering the prospects of its investment participation in the construction of the Zarubino Far Eastern grain Terminal in Trinity Bay in the south of Primorsky Krai, which will export grain to the Asia-Pacific countries. A memorandum of cooperation on increasing grain exports from the ports of the Russian Far East region was signed at the VI Russian-Japanese Investment Forum between the Japanese firm Marubeni Corporation and the Russian group Summa.

Japan is showing particular interest mainly in large-scale resource projects, while the Russian Far East is also experiencing a need for investment in small projects.

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First of all, the Far Eastern region needs highly qualified specialists in various areas of the economy. New modern types of equipment remain useless without trained personnel. Since 1994, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan has been creating "Japanese centers" in Russia, which, in addition to language training, conduct training sessions for specialists in various fields. Despite the fact that such centers were opened in Khabarovsk (November 1994), Vladivostok (April 1996), and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (September 1996), their activities in the Russian Far East are still not very noticeable. A more accessible system of internships for teaching staff of universities in the Russian Far East, representatives of medium and small businesses in universities and enterprises in Japan, as well as return visits of Japanese specialists to such institutions in the Russian Far East could make a significant contribution to solving the issue of improving the skills of Russian Far Easterners. Investment by Japanese businesses in improving the skills of specialists from the Far East would allow us to really raise the economic development of this region of Russia to a new level, which would also help to activate the dialogue between peoples in the context of globalization.

Investment projects related to the use of new technologies, which are needed in many sectors of the Russian economy as a whole, could be equally interesting.

Joint research and capital would make it possible to actively implement modern technologies in the construction, repair and maintenance of Far Eastern roads. Representatives of road construction companies in the Russian Far East regularly discuss possible joint projects with their Japanese colleagues. Among the Russian Far Eastern regions, Japanese technologies in the construction and repair of highways have so far been most widely used in Sakhalin, since the natural and climatic conditions of this island coincide with the conditions of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. Large construction companies of the Sakhalin region "Vostokdorstroy", "Avtodorproekt", "Impromptu" have been applying Japanese experience in this industry for several years. Unfortunately, there are still many problems hindering cooperation. These include, for example, the cost of the materials used, their strength and reliability.

Road construction companies of other subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD)-

page 23

The Kot Autonomous Region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kamchatka Territory, the Magadan Region, the Khabarovsk Territory, the Amur Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, and the Primorsky Territory), which have their own natural characteristics, are also interested in receiving investments in the development of highways. Highways will provide a year-round link between industrial and mining centers, cultural life centers, which will significantly increase the economic growth of the Russian Far Eastern region and increase Russia's participation in economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region.

The fishing industry is of particular importance for Japan. There is a common maritime border between Russia and Japan and quotas for fishing are defined. Experts from both countries closely monitor the ecological state of the sea in the region, the volume of industrial catch and the quality of fish processing.

Despite the significant volumes of fish caught by Russian fishermen in the waters of the Far Eastern seas and the attractiveness of fish as an international trade commodity, the fishing industry in the Russian Far East has gradually lost its competitiveness on an international regional scale. Material and technical base of the Far Eastern fishing industry enterprises by the beginning of the XXI century it has become scarce and often does not meet the requirements of the time. All this can lead to the fact that fish processing enterprises of the Russian Far East will decline, and fish producers will turn into suppliers of raw materials for the fishing industry of the Asia-Pacific countries. The restoration of the fish processing industry in the Russian Far East is possible by attracting investment (including Japanese) in this industry. Among the most attractive projects for Japan may be the sphere of deep processing of fish products. At the same time, it would be possible to develop more actively not only the processing of fish itself, but also the processing of fish waste, which may be in demand in medicine or in the industry for the production of pet food. The development of fish processing plants will create new jobs at fish processing plants in the Far East, which means that it will help preserve the population in the lower reaches of the Amur River (Khabarovsk Territory), the Magadan Region, Kamchatka and Sakhalin.

Japanese experts also express their interest in cooperation in the agricultural sector, offering to create special agricultural zones in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories for growing buckwheat, soybeans and feed corn.

Japanese technologies for the use of liquefied natural gas in the gasification of residential buildings may be of particular interest to residents of the northern territories of the Russian Far East. According to the Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East Yu. Onoprienko, Russian Far East " has low gasification rates. Currently, the level of gasification in the district's settlements is 6.6%, including 3% in rural settlements, while the national average is 63% and 47%, respectively. The district's housing stock is gasified by less than 29%, while the national average is almost 70%" [20]. Conversion of industrial and municipal facilities to natural gas will allow developing the resource base of gas fields in Yakutia, as well as obtaining an economic effect by reducing electricity costs and repairing gasification facilities. Reducing harmful emissions into the environment is also an important task.

The vast experience and technologies for waste processing and disposal used in Japan deserve special attention of Far Easterners. For the Far East (and Russia as a whole), it is important not only to introduce these technologies, but also to start educational work among the population. Residents of the Russian Far East advocate for a healthy environment, seeing China as the main danger, and in many respects the state of the Far Eastern nature depends on the local population.

Russia's potential is great in the development of medicine in the Far East, including medical equipment and pharmaceuticals, and in the production of components for the Japanese automotive industry. Russian scientific developments in the field of machine-tool construction, shipbuilding and metallurgy are still promising. All these areas can receive support from Japanese businesses under optimal investment conditions.

Japanese businesses are showing interest in manufacturing components for the Japanese automotive industry at Russian Far Eastern plants. An important step in this direction was taken in 2011, when the Japanese corporation Mazda Motor and the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia signed an agreement on the construction of a car assembly plant in Vladivostok. Japanese automakers expected to collect from 25 thousand to 50 thousand units per year [21]. Production was launched in the fall of 2012.

Tourism can become a significant step in cooperation between Russia and Japan. Our countries are linked by centuries-old relations. Communication between peoples has a strong foundation not only in the sphere of culture. Expanding tourism ties will allow nations to get to know each other better and engage in a more constructive dialogue on many issues, including economic ones.

Thus, the Russian-Japanese investment cooperation has a considerable potential for the development of bilateral relations.-

page 24

The development potential is not limited to the energy-related industries. There are many more examples of joint investment projects (youth policy, sports, education, etc.). However, promising proposals for Japanese businesses run into bureaucratic obstacles, complex customs procedures, and unsettled Russian legislation. All this applies to the constraints for Japanese investors who invest in the economy of the Russian Far East.

What are the ways to make the Russian Far East attractive to Japanese investors?

The Russian government should cooperate with businesses at various levels, including small and medium-sized businesses, ensuring transparency in doing business and guaranteeing its security and stability. At the same time, the tax system should allow the region to make a profit, which means funds for further economic development.

An important condition for attracting investors should be to minimize bureaucratic procedures for Japanese enterprises investing in the region. Popularization of the idea of free economic zones could be successful.

In fact, the desire of the Russian leadership, both at the state and regional levels, to create conditions for investors is necessary. The caring attitude of the Russian authorities towards the residents of the Far Eastern region of their country, which can be formulated as a desire to improve the quality of life here, will reduce the outflow of young people, entrepreneurs, effective managers, and specialists, while attracting Japanese investors and increasing capital investment will contribute to this.


1. For more information, see: Luzyanin S. G. Vladivostok-2012: measurements of APEC / / Asia and Africa Today, 2012, N 11 (ed.).

2. Specific weight of consumer, intermediate and investment goods in the total volume of imports of the Russian Federation / / Website of the Federal State Statistics Service - http://www.gks.ru/free doc/newsite/vnesh-t/docl/oper_razd/d-tab10.htm

3. For more information, see: Petrunina Zh. V. Ports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan: are there any prospects for participation in the system of regional international transportation? // Scientific notes of Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. Spiders about people, society and culture. - Комсомольск-на-Амуре (Petrunina Zh.V. Porty Vanino i Sovetskaya Gavan: Yest li perspectivy uchastiya v sisteme regionalnyh mezhdunarodnyh perevozok? // Ucheniye Zapiski Komsomlskogo-na-Amure Gosudarstvennogo Technicheskogo Universiteta), 2013. N II-2 (14). 4-7; Petrunina Zh. V. Transsib and BAM in the development of international transport transportation along the route Asia-Europe. Teoriya I praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya [Theory and practice of social development]. Krasnodar (Petrunina Zh. V. Transsib i BAM v razvitii mezhdunarodnyh transportnyh perevozok po marshrutu Aziya-Evropa) / / Teoriya i Praktika Obschestvenogo razvitiya, Krasnodar), 2013. N 3. pp. 140-143.

4. Meeting of the State Commission for Socio-Economic Development of the Far East, the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Irkutsk Region. Transcript / / Website of the Government of the Russian Federation - http://government.ru/ news/1139

5. Popov V. E. Obstacles and incentives for placing direct investments from NEA countries in the economy of the Russian Far East. 2006, N 4, p. 82.

6. Trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and Japan / / Website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation http://www.ved.gov.ru/exportcountries/jp/jp_ru_relations/jp_ rutrade/; Kukol E. Better you to us on the Far Side / / Rossiyskaya gazeta. 05.02.3013 - http://www.rg.ru/2013/02/05/ dalniy.html

7. Russia and Japan create joint investment pot with $lbn entry ticket // RT. QUESTION MORE. 29.04.2013 -http://rt.com/business/russia-japan-investmcnt-plans-576/

8. Joint statement of the President of the Russian Federation and the Prime Minister of Japan on the development of the Russian-Japanese partnership / / Website of the President of Russia -http://news.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/1446

9. At the meeting, Putin and Abe will sign a memorandum on creating a $1 billion investment platform / / Website of the Russian Direct Investment Fund - http://rdif.ru/ fullNews/396/

10. Japan-Russia Summit meeting "on the sidelines" of the APEC Summit in Bali (main content) / / Website of the Embassy of Japan in Russia - http://www.ru.emb-japan.go.jp/RELATIONSHIP/2013/20131007.html

11. Awkward Timing for Japan-Russia Investment Forum // The Wall Street Journal. 19.03.2014 http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/03/19/awkward-timing-for-japan-russia-investment-f orem/

12. In the coming years, do not expect that Russia will be hit by a" rain " of Japanese investments - http://itar-tass.com/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/537854

13. Ishaev V. Found the points of contact // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 27.02.2013 - http://www.rg.ru/2013/02/27/reg-dfo/ishaev.html

14. Trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and Japan...

15. Gazprom, Japan Far East Gas strike LNG deal // Pipeline Magazine, 24.06.2013 - http://pipelinemc.com/news/ international-news/2013/06/gazprom, -japan-far-east-gas-strike-lng-deal/#

16. Sojitz to Implement Environmentally-Friendly Co-generation Project in Russian Far East // Sojitz Corporation -http://www.sojitz.com/en/news/2010/04/20100426.php

17. Ishaev V. The Japanese were offered to jointly develop the Kuril Islands / / Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 29.06.2011 - http://www.rg.ru/ 2011/06/29/reg-dvostok/kurily.html

18. Japan is ready to invest in the non-resource sector of the economy of the Far East / / Website of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East -http://minvostokrazvitia.ru/prcss-center/news_minvostok/ 7ELEMENT_ID=1769

19. Sojitz to Construct Veneer Processing Plant in the Russian Far East // Sojitz Corporation - http://www.sojitz.com/ en/news/2006/02/20060227 - 2.php

20. Gasification of the Far East is proceeding at a slow pace, according to the representative office / / RIA "Vostok-Media". 26.04.2013 - http://news.mail.ru/inregions/fareast/27/econo-mics/12895852/

21. Mazda, Russia sign deal to produce cars in Far East // The Moscow News. 28.11.2011 - http://themoscownews.com/ business/20111128/189239197.html


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STRENGTHENING OF NEOCONSERVATIVE TENDENCIES IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES OF BOURGEOIS AUTHORS IN JAPAN
17 days ago · From Haruto Masaki

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