The article publishes the materials of the excavations of the Tartas-1 burial ground in 2010. In a limited area, burials are recorded, the stratigraphic position of which makes it possible to solve the problem of periodization of cultures of the early - developed Bronze Age of the Barabinsk forest-steppe. The article describes the burials of the Ust-Tartass, Odinovskaya, Krotovskaya and Late Krotovskaya cultures.

Key words: Early-Advanced Bronze Age, Baraba, periodization, stratigraphy.

Introduction

During long-term stationary studies of the Tartas-1 monument (Vengerovsky district, Novosibirsk region) (Fig. 1), conducted by the West Siberian group of the North Asian Complex Expedition of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a series of funerary and ritual complexes of various epochs and cultures was obtained - from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Ages. According to geophysical data [Molodin et al., 2004], the excavation of the site is still far from complete, but the accumulated information - the result of a multidisciplinary approach - allows us to draw very important scientific conclusions about the ethno - and cultural genesis of populations that formed a multi-time burial ground, where 425 funerary and 436 ritual complexes were identified. In 2010, a site was studied where the burials of almost all currently known archaeological cultures of the early - developed Bronze Age in the region were located on a small site (Molodin, Hansen, Mylnikova et al., 2010). Some of the burials were not preserved very well due to the long-term operation of the dirt road on this site, but the main number of burials was in satisfactory condition, which made it possible to unambiguously interpret the rather complex stratigraphic situation recorded here.

Characteristics of burial complexes

The periodization of Bronze Age cultures in the Ob-Irtysh forest-steppe (also called the Barabinsk forest-steppe), developed in the 1980s [Molodin, 1983, 1985], is now being refined and improved [Mo-

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lodin, 2001, 2005, 2010; et al.]. The study of excavation materials that are conducted annually in the region suggests that the work on clarifying a number of important aspects of the historical past of the inhabitants of the forest-steppe in the IV-early I millennium BC is still just beginning. Due to the expansion of the source base, as well as an in-depth study of the complexes (obtaining radiocarbon dates, results of anthropological and paleogenetic analyses), specialists have very valuable information that allows them to build historical and cultural interpretation at a fundamentally new level. In addition, in the course of research conducted in various regions of Western Siberia, specialists sometimes receive fundamentally new data on the development and change of ancient cultures of the Bronze Age (see, for example: [Koksharov, 2009; Zakh, 2009; Zakh et al., 2008; Zimina, Zakh, 2009; Kiryushin, Grushin, Tishkin, 2010; Matveev and Anoshko, 2009; Korochkova, 2010; Chemyakin, 2008; et al.]).

In 2010, a unique stratigraphic situation was noted on the Tartas-1 monument: a limited area contained burials of different cultures (Figure 2). Its analysis provided important information for understanding the problem of periodization of early - developed Bronze Age cultures in the West Siberian forest-steppe, at least within the central part of the Baraba plain.

Two well-preserved burials of the Ust - Tartass culture, the earliest known Bronze Age culture in the region, are considered ancient in the complex under consideration (Molodin, 2001, 2005).

Burial No. 380 (Fig. 3-12). Fixed at the level of the mainland in the form of a spot of irregular elongated, close to a trapezoid shape. The burial is collective, tiered. Skeleton 1 was found in the filling of the grave pit (see Figure 6). The child was buried in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing north-east. The preservation of the bones is unsatisfactory. In situ, there were ribs of the right side of the skeleton, the right wing of the pelvis, several lumbar vertebrae, the humerus and ulna bones of the right arm, the femur of the right leg and partially the lower leg of the left. This is clearly a secondary burial site.

After sampling dark gray sandy loam, the bones of skeleton 2 were found under skeleton 1, arranged in anatomical order (see Figure 7). The deceased child was placed in the grave in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing northeast. The tibia of the right leg is missing. Bone preservation is satisfactory. Secondary burial. The child's body was placed on the long leg bones (three femurs, three tibiae, and two tibiae) of presumably two adults (skeletons 3 and 4). The child's skull is crushed. Flakes and fragments of animal bone were found to the left of the lower jaw.

Fig. 1. Map-layout of the Tartas-1 monument.

2. Scheme of stratification of burials of various cultures of the Bronze Age. Tartas-1. 1-ust-tartasskaya; 2-Odinovskaya; 3 - Krotovskaya; 4 - pozdnekrotovskaya.

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3. Part of the Upper horizon burials at the Tartas-1 monument. View from the southeast.

In the eastern part of the grave pit, an adult man (skeleton 5) is buried, with his head facing east (see Figs. 4, 5). Bone preservation is satisfactory. The upper part of the skull was destroyed by burial No. 405, which cut through the burial. To the right of the jaw, a hand was found, which was located on the right humerus and scapula. The left ulna was located perpendicular to the left humerus and lay on the upper vertebrae of the thoracic region. Under it, at an angle of about 45° to the vertebrae, the clavicles lay. Sternum

Fig. 4. Burial N 380 of the Ust-Tartass culture and its cutting border N 405 of the Late Krotovo culture.

5. Border plan No. 380 (skeletons 2-5) and 405. 1-puncture; 2-animal bone; 3-flake; 4-skeleton 5; 5-bone product; 6-skeleton 2; 7-stone axe; 8-stone arrowhead; 9 - skeletons 3 and 4.

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6. Arrangement of skeletons 1-4 in border N 380.

Fig. 7. Fragment of border No. 380: burial of a child on the bones of adults.

Fig. 8. Stone tools from border No. 380.

Fig. 9. Stone products from border N 380.

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10. Bone products (1-6) and hyoid bone of deer (7) from border N 380.

11. Bone products (1-3) and a beaver chisel (4) from border No. 380.

it was placed on the ribs that were in situ. The vertebrae, shoulder blades, humerus of the left arm, and pelvic bones were arranged in anatomical order. The latter contained the skull of an adult (may refer to skeletons 3, 4, or 6). Next to the right wing of the pelvis of skeleton 5, under the ribs, vertebrae and humerus, possibly belonging to skeleton 1, were two ray bones of an adult.

In the eastern part, the grave pit is cut by border No. 405 of the Late Krotovo culture, which destroyed the wall of grave pit No. 380 (see Figs. 4, 5). The northern wall of pogr. N 405 is inclined, has a small step, partially destroyed by a burrow. The dimensions of the step are 0.41×0.56 m, the depth from the mainland level is 0.10 m. The southern wall is slightly sloping, and also has a triangular step with dimensions of 0.25×0.51 m, and a depth of 0.17 m from the mainland level. The western wall is inclined. The bottom of the pit is flat, the depth difference in different parts does not exceed 0.03 m. Dimensions in the upper outline are 1.05×1.86 m, in the lower-0.99×1.80 m, depth from the mainland level is 0.650. 68 m. On a step near the northern wall of the grave, a fragment of a skull box was found, possibly belonging to skeleton 1.

With skeleton 5 was a large inventory. A dart tip was found under the lower jaw (see Figures 8, 5) and a stone arrowhead (see Figures 8, 1). Another tip was located 2 cm from the right ribs (see Figures 8, 4). Two arrowheads were found closer to the north-eastern wall of the grave pit, and two arrowheads were found near the south-eastern edge of the pit. 8, 9, 11), under the bone products and at the level of the mainland in the area of the skull, many stone miniature hatchets are cleaned. -

12. Fragments of bone objects from border No. 380.

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Fig. 13. Burial No. 422 of the Ust-Tartass culture; in the background - the lower tier of the overlapping grave No. 379 of the Odin culture, in the foreground on the left - the grave pit of the Pozdnekrotovsky border No. 414.

flax flakes, some with retouching, (fig. 8, 3, 7, 8; 9, 2, 6, 8 - 11), scrapers, knife-shaped plates (fig. 8, 2; 9, 7).

Three needle boxes were found near the northern wall of the grave pit (see Fig. 10, 1, 2, 5) and a tool made from the shoulder blade of an animal (see Figs. 10, 4), the functional purpose of which is unclear, and the hyoid bone of a deer (?) (see Figs. 10, 7). The safety of the finds is unsatisfactory. Bone products also of poor preservation, resembling chisels or hollows, were located in one complex with two stone axes in the area of the skull of skeleton 5 (see Figs. 11, 1-3). Another needle holder of excellent preservation was located under the pelvis of an adult buried person (Fig. 12, 5). A puncture was found in the hand of skeleton 5 (see Fig.10, 3). Under the bone tools lay a bear's tusk (see Fig. 10, 6) and a beaver chisel (see Figs. 11, 4). During the restoration of bone products, it was possible to restore fragments of the tips of two spears (see Figs. 12, 1, 4).

Burial No. 422 (see Fig. 2). A sub-rectangular grave pit measuring 1.08×2.60 m in the upper outline, 0.83×2.50 m in the lower one, and 0.91 - 0.94 m in depth from the mainland level. The corners of the pit are rounded, the western corner and part of the north-western wall are cut off by the Late Krotovsky boundary No. 414 to a depth of 0.38 m from the mainland level (Figs. The walls of the pit are uneven, damaged by ponors and continental swims (especially the south-eastern wall). The bottom is uneven, falling to the west (drop to 0.06 m). The filling of the grave pit in the north-eastern part was a layer of mixed gray-yellow sandy loam, cut by ponors. Under it lay a layer of dense dark gray sandy loam interspersed with yellow loam, below-a lens of small thickness mixed yellow-gray sandy loam interspersed with calcined soil, ash, embers, organic matter. In the south-western part of the pit, a layer of black sandy loam is marked, broken by ponors with mixed sand.

Fig. 14. Plan (1) and inventory (2 - 6) of border No. 422.

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15. Section of border N 414, 422. 1 - black soil; 2-gray soil; 3-yellow loam; 4-gray soil with lenses of yellow loam; 5-light gray soil with spots of yellow loam; 6-mixed yellow-gray soil (burrow7-mixed yellow-black soil (burrow); 8-organic matter; 9-dark gray soil; 10 - area of distribution of human bones; 11-mixed gray-yellow-black soil.

yellow-black filling. It was covered with a layer of gray sandy loam with lenses of yellow loam. Below this was a thick layer of light gray sandy loam with spots of yellow loam, under which a thin layer of organic residues, ochre (?), was fixed, and under it, near the southern wall, a gray sandy loam.

In the central part of the grave pit, a black sandy loam is marked, lying with a narrow lens tapering to the bottom. It was joined by a layer of gray sandy loam, cut in the center by a burrow with a mottled (yellow-black-gray) filling. Below was a layer with a thickness of up to 0.37 m, consisting of light gray sandy loam with spots of yellow continental loam and black sandy loam. Two lenses of gray sandy loam cut vertically across the northern wall. The lower layer consisted of a dark brown sandy loam with a reddish tint due to organic residues (Fig. In the filling of the grave there are fish scales and gills, chopped human bones (shoulder blade, foot bones), flakes, plates, and a stone arrowhead.

In the north-eastern zone of the grave pit, two lower jaws of adults were found at the bottom, turned upside down with their teeth. To the right of jaw No. 2 was a part of the skull, which, judging by the nature of the cut, was cut off with a fairly sharp object. Under it was jawbone No. 3. The main burial site was also located here (see Figures 13, 14). At the burial, the adult male was oriented with his head to the northeast. Bone preservation is satisfactory. The skull is intact, but the face and upper jaw are crushed. Beneath the skull were the ribs and vertebrae of the upper chest. Given this, as well as the location of the bones of the left arm, it can be concluded that the deceased was buried on his right side, half-turned to the wall of the pit, so the left arm was turned with the elbow up. His left hand rested on the left wing of his pelvis. A stone biface 15.5 cm long was found under it, most likely it is the working part of a dagger (see Figs. 14, 2, 16); it may have been placed in the hand of the buried person. The bones of the right and left hands are broken in several places, the shoulder joint and the right scapula are missing (?). The ulna goes under the right wing of the pelvis, therefore, the hand was under the pelvis during burial. The hand of the right hand lies near the femur, 3-4 cm below - a stone tip with a broken point. Pelvic bones are represented by fragments of unsatisfactory preservation.

The legs of the person buried at the time of burial, apparently, were slightly bent at the knees. The kneecaps are missing, and in their place is part of the ulna. The femur bones near the knee joints are shattered or crushed. Taking into account the thickness and color of the filling in this zone, as well as the relative position of the leg bones, it can be assumed that the latter were overstretched with organic material. Between the leg bones, closer to the right femur, three stone arrowheads were found lying in a row, and under them - two bone tips (see Fig. 14, 5, 6; 16). The phalanges of the feet are well preserved. The bones of one foot lie on top of the bones of the other, facing the southwest corner of the grave pit. As it became clear after the dismantling of the skeleton, the deceased was buried on fabric or felt - a layer of dark brown organic matter was traced under the bones. The same layer is marked under the severed part of the skull and jaw. It is established that the body of the buried person was slightly turned to the right and the spinous processes of the vertebrae entered the mainland at a slight angle; in addition, there is no body pos-

Fig. 16. Part of the skeleton and inventory of border No. 422.

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the entire vertebral column, except for the cervical region (here the bones are poorly preserved), probably part of the spine was cut off. In the thoracic region, the ribs are present only on the right side, some of them in articulation with the vertebrae.

Thus, we have a collective burial of adults (we can confidently talk about four adults). The burial equipment includes four stone arrowheads, two bone arrowheads, and a stone dagger. Secondary burials.

In terms of the appearance of the accompanying equipment and details of the funeral rite, Border No. 422 is absolutely similar to the complexes of the Ust-Tartass culture (Molodin, 2001, 2005). Such a specific ritual-placing several people in the grave, often following the rite of secondary burial-is reflected in the burials of the Ust-Tartass culture of the Sopka-2/3A burial grounds [Molodin, 2001, p. 44, 65, 74], Grishkina Zaimka [Molodin, 2005], Preobrazhenka-6 [Molodin, Chemyakina, Pozdnyakova, Stepanenko, 2008]. Such items of funerary equipment as miniature stone hatchets, arrowheads, needlers, harpoons, and animal tooth pendants are also typical of the Ust-Tartass culture (Molodin, 2001: 68-69, 75-76).

The most ancient burials considered on the monument were cut by graves of later cultures of the Bronze Age. It is especially important that the Ust-Tartassk border N 422 is covered by the burial of the Odin culture N 379.

Burial No. 379 (see Fig. 2). It was recorded at the level of the mainland in the form of an amorphous spot, on the surface of which the bones of a human skull and skeleton protruded. The upper part of the grave was destroyed during the construction and operation of the road. The burial is tiered.

Horizon 1. Skeleton 1 (Fig. 17). The adult was buried in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing north-northeast, with his arms extended along the torso. The upper part of the backbone is artificially raised and is higher than the lower one (up to 18 cm difference). The skull is shifted slightly to the right. The preservation of the bones is unsatisfactory. The tibia of the right leg and the bones of the feet of both legs, the ulna and radius bones and the left hand are missing. The left wing of the pelvis is destroyed. There are no finds. This may be a secondary burial site.

Horizon 1. Skeleton 2 (Fig. 17). Located parallel to skeleton 1, on the north side. The adult was buried in an extended position on his back, with his head facing north-northeast, and his arms were stretched out along the torso. The right part of the backbone is located higher than the left. The skull is turned to the left. The preservation of the bones is unsatisfactory. The ribs on the left side of the chest, the hands of both hands, and the lower part of the spinal column are completely missing. There are no finds. The burial is undoubtedly secondary.

At the level of horizon 2, the walls of the grave pit are uneven and sloping; parts of the southern, eastern and western walls are missing (cut off by the road). The dimensions of the grave pit are 1.31×1.93 m. Skeletons 3 and 4 were found (Fig.

Skeleton 3 belonged to a person buried in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing north-north-east, arms extended along the body, hands placed on the pelvis. Bone preservation is satisfactory. A bone puncture was found under the left hand. The leg bones are turned to the right and slightly bent at the knees. The head and part of the ribs are missing. The burial is undoubtedly secondary. There was a baby's skull on the chest, and large fragments of red ochre under it.

17. Border plan No. 379 of the Odinovo culture, horizon 1 (upper).
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18. Border plan No. 379, horizon 2 (middle).
Next to skeleton 3, to the north-west of it, skeleton 4 was found. The deceased was buried in an elongated position on his back, oriented along the north-north-east-south-south-west line, his arms were extended along the trunk, his legs were slightly bent at the knees and turned to the right. The bones of the right hand were located under the pelvis. The skull, vertebral bones, and most of the chest bones are missing. The remaining bones were preserved satisfactorily. Under the upper part of the left humerus, a fragment of pottery was found, most likely belonging to the Odin vessel.

In horizon 2, between skeletons 3 and 4, there were also bones of the spine, the left side of the chest, and the femur of the left leg of skeleton 5. The rest of the bones were lower down.

Horizon 3. At this level, the southern wall of the burial is straight and level, slightly cut off in the south-eastern corner during the construction of the road, the northern wall is uneven, the western wall is arched, and the eastern wall has a step in the south-eastern corner. The dimensions of the grave pit in the lower outline are 0.85×1.25 m.

Skeleton 5 (Fig. 19). The deceased was placed in the grave in an elongated position on his back, oriented along the north-north-east-south-south-west line. The upper part of the body is raised, since the bottom of the grave pit has a depression in the south-eastern part (a drop of up to 0.27 m). The skeleton lacks the skull, bones of the right hand, part of the ribs, and the humerus of the left hand. The ulna and hand of the left hand lie in a joint along the trunk. The buried person's left leg is slightly bent at the knee and turned to the right. Feet are closed. Bones of unsatisfactory preservation: some of them are in a dilapidated state. No finds were found. Secondary burial. In the filling of the grave pit, several small fragments of Odin culture dishes were found, as well as three miniature flakes (Fig. 20).

19. Border plan No. 379, horizon 3 (lower).

20. Flakes from the filling of border No. 379.

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The burial site of the Odin culture, without any doubt, overlaps the Ust-Tartas grave. The fact that Border No. 379 belongs to the Odin culture is indicated primarily by the peculiarities of the funeral rite. This culture is characterized by collective, tiered burials, the secondary nature of burial, the north-eastern orientation of the grave and the deceased, as well as the uneven depth of the bottom of the grave: in the north-eastern part of the pit is less deep than in the south-western part, so the upper part of the skeleton is raised. Often, in one grave, a corpse is placed on its back in an extended position and on its back with slightly bent knees (Molodin, 2008). Carriers of the Odin culture very often buried their relatives with a bone puncture in their hand (or with the puncture placed near the hand) [Grishin, 2002]. Fragments and whole vessels are rare, but they are found in Odin burials. A fragment found in the filling of the grave pit of Odin ceramics indirectly confirms the conclusion about the cultural belonging of the burial.

Graves No. 380 and 422 of the Ust-Tartass culture were cut by graves No. 405 and 414 of the Late Krotovo culture.

Burial No. 405 (see Figures 2, 4, 5). It was disturbed in ancient times. After sampling the filling, it became obvious that the grave pit is sub-rectangular, with rounded corners, and is oriented along the north-east - south-west line along the longitudinal axis. Dimensions in the upper outline are 0.99×1.47 m, in the lower outline - 0.84×1.40 m. In the southern part of the grave, at a depth of 0.21 m from the mainland level, a small step measuring 1.00×(0.15 - 0.21) m can be traced. The depth of the grave pit from the mainland level is 0.75 m. The pit walls are straight and the bottom is flat.

The filling of the grave pit is not uniform. The upper horizon is represented by a black humus sandy loam with a thickness of 0.18-0.24 m. In the bottom part there was a dark brown sandy loam with a thickness of 0.06-0.12 m, in which the bones of the buried person were located. Probably a teenager was buried. He was placed in the grave in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing northeast. The preservation of the bones is unsatisfactory. The upper part of the skeleton is completely missing. The right hand and long leg bones are fixed. The bones of the feet, as well as the remains of the pelvic bones, are difficult to distinguish and represent decay. There was a broken clavicle on the femur of his right leg. A bone (hands?)was found in the north-western corner of the grave pit. and a bone tool that probably came from the grave. N 380.

Burial No. 414 (see figs. 2, 21). At the level of the mainland, it was recorded as a spot of the podovalnaya handicap.-

21. Burial plan of the Late Krotovo culture N 414. 1-vessel N 1; 2-vessel N 2; 3-ceramic fragment.

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a direction oriented along the north-east - south-west line along the longitudinal axis. The filling of the grave pit was almost uniform and was a dark gray sandy loam. In the south-eastern part, the pit cut through a layer of mixed mottled gray-yellow-black sandy loam. The human bones were buried in a layer of dark gray sandy loam. After sampling the filling, the dimensions of the grave pit in the upper outline were 0.92×2.23 m, in the lower outline - 0.78×2.13 m, and the depth from the mainland level was 0.27×0.37 m. The pit walls are uneven. The northern one has a footbed, the western one is slightly sloping. In the south-eastern part, the burial cut through the older grave No. 422 of the Ust-Tartass culture (see Fig. 2). The southern and eastern walls of the burial are inclined and are somewhat conventionally distinguished by the color difference of the darker filling of the border No. 414. The bottom is uneven.

The burial site was looted in ancient times. From the bones of the skeleton, the lower jaw, the phalanges of the toes, the femur bones, the ulna, and the rib were preserved. All of them were located in the western part of the grave. The original position of the deceased in the grave cannot be determined. Fragments of two ceramic vessels - Andronovsky and Krotovsky-were found in the filling of the pit. A large fragment of the neck and bottom with a bottom part have been preserved from Andronovsky (Fig. 22, 1); Krotovsky is represented by fragments of walls ornamented with a comb stamp (Fig. 22, 2). The burial belongs to the Late Krotovo culture, this is evidenced, in particular, by its location in the series of burials N 397, 398, 334, 333.

The second group of burials is represented by six graves, of which four burials of the Odin culture were overlapped and in some places cut by burials of the Krotovo culture (see Fig. 2).

Burial No. 382 (see Fig. 2). The upper part of the grave pit was cut off by a dirt road. Filling of the pit (depth from the mainland level of 0.06 m) - dark gray sandy loam. A lens of mixed yellow-gray sandy loam is traced at the bottom. After sampling the filling, it was found that the grave pit is sub-rectangular in shape.

In a grave pit measuring about 1.95×0.58 (0.61) m, an adult was originally buried, from his skeleton only the bones of the legs with feet and a fragment of the pelvis (right wing) were preserved. Fragments of the skull were found 0.5 m north of the leg bones. Judging by the position of the leg bones, the deceased was buried on his back in an elongated position, with his head facing northeast. The burial site of the Odin culture in the southern part is cut by the burial site of the Krotovo culture No. 409.

Burial No. 383 (see figs. 2, 23). The grave pit was almost completely destroyed during the operation of the road, the borders were preserved only fragmentary, which does not allow us to judge the original depth and size.

After cleaning the bones of the skeleton, it turned out that the deceased - an adult - was laid in the grave on his back in an extended position, with his head facing northeast, and his arms were stretched out along the torso. The face of the skull is turned to the north and slightly raised. The bones are very poorly preserved. The ribs of the left side of the chest and the phalanges of the legs are missing. There was another skull on the tibia, and it was located on the left temporal bone. During the dismantling of the burial, traces of red dye were recorded on the tibia of the right leg. Burial of the Odin culture, obviously secondary. There are no finds.

Burial No. 384 (see figs. 2, 24). The upper part of the grave pit was almost completely destroyed during the operation of the road, so it is difficult to imagine the size of the burial. The filling consists of dark gray sandy loam.

From the skeleton of an adult, the femur of the right leg, the tibia and foot bones with several small bones were preserved.-

22. Fragments of vessels of the Andronovskaya (Fedorovskaya) (1) and Krotovskaya (2) cultures from border No. 414.

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23. Plan of burials of the Odinovo culture N 383, 410 and the overlapping burial of the Krotovo culture N 381.

1-pendants made of animal teeth; 2-stone pendant.

with both legs ' kimi phalanges. Given the position of the leg bones that were in situ, the deceased was buried in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing north-northeast. At 0.30-0.90 m to the south of the leg bones lay several more human bones: two fragments of ribs, a fragment of the radius, a phalanx of the finger. During the dismantling of the bones, a fragment of a knife-shaped plate was found in the southern part of the grave. Burial of the Odin culture.

All three of the above burials were disturbed by the grave pit of the Krotovo culture No. 409.

Burial No. 409 (see Figures 2, 25, 26). The grave pit is an elongated sub-rectangular shape with rounded corners, oriented along the north-east - south-west line along the longitudinal axis. The maximum size of the grave at the level of the mainland is 0.72×2.50 m. The filling of the grave pit is not uniform. In the upper part, a lens of black-gray loose sandy loam with small yellow inclusions is marked. In all likelihood, this layer is the filling of border N 384, which was cut by border N 409. The main part of the filling is represented by yellow-gray mixed sandy loam with inclusions of continental loam, in which scattered human bones lay.

The eastern and western walls of the grave pit are curved along the upper outline, while the northern and southern walls are slightly concave so that the distance between them in the central part of the grave is less than at the edges, which is why the burial has an oval shape. The bottom of the grave is uneven. Small steps with a width of 0.03 and 0.05 m are fixed at the eastern and western walls, respectively. There is a decrease in the bottom by 0.09 m in the south-western part of the burial. The depth of the grave pit is 0.20 - 0.23 m.

A grown man is buried. He was placed in the grave in an extended position on his back, with his head facing northeast. Her legs were slightly bent at the knee joints, and her right leg was lying on its side. The right arm is extended along the torso and turned palm down. The left arm is also extended, the palm is placed on the hip. The skull is crushed, its front part shifted to the right. Overall, bone preservation is satisfactory. The ends of the ribs are not preserved or poorly preserved and

24. Burial plan of the Odin culture No. 384.

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25. Burial of the Krotovo culture No. 409.

vertebrae, as well as epiphysis of the leg bones. Part of the phalanges of the right toes is missing. The left wing of the pelvis is dilapidated, the right one is very poorly preserved.

To the left of the skull (in the area of the left ear) was a bronze earring in the form of an oval ring made of wire (Fig. 26), under the skull - a second similar earring (Fig. 27). A cluster of stone and bone objects was found along the ulna of the right arm (see Figures 26, 28), and another bone object was found along the humerus. An oval flat object (pendant?) is marked near the hand of the buried person. white color with a hole diameter of approx. 7 mm, apparently made of low-quality marble (fig. 29, 2). Its maximum parameters are 6.1×4.4×0.6 cm, the side surface is uneven, the edge with the hole is beveled and slightly pointed. A fragment of an artifact with a hole made of similar material was found in a cluster of stone products near the ulna of the buried person (Fig. 29, 4).

In the process of dismantling the burial and removing the finds, it turned out that most of the accumulation of stone objects consisted of fragments of one stone product - the so-called moon-shaped suspension, specially broken and placed in the grave (see Figure 28). Pendant

26. Plan (a) and section (b) of border N 409. 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 - products made of stone; 3, 5-7-of bone; 10-of bronze.

27. Bronze earrings from border No. 409.

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28. Fragment of border No. 409.

It is made of gray stone, probably slate, and is a long, pointed object with dimensions of 55.0×1.6×4.6 cm. One of its lateral edges is straight, the other is convex and arched. In the central part of the suspension, closer to the arc-shaped edge, there is a hole with a diameter of 0.4 - 0.5 cm. The surface of the product is sanded (see Fig. 29, 6).

Half of a similar suspension with a smaller hole was found in the same cluster (see Fig. 29, 1). The length of the fragment is 9.7 cm, the width in the central part is 4.5 cm, the thickness is 0.5 cm, and the hole diameter is 1.5 cm. Under the stone products lay a bone object-perhaps the basis for an insert tool (knife?): the tip is hollow on one side, with a hole at the end and a recess in the middle (Fig. 30, 1). The length of the product is 23.2 cm. The inner and outer surfaces are flattened. The side edges on the inside are broken off, the end is flat, rounded. In the cluster, there are detected errors (see Fig. 29, 3) and retouched (see Fig. 29, 5) flakes. These items were placed in the grave, most likely in some kind of container (bag?). Three bird bones (?)were also found in the burial. in the joint (see fig. 30, 2-4). They lay along the bones of the deceased's arm, on the inside. Absolute analogs of stone" moon-shaped " pendants were found in two undisturbed burials of the nearby Krotovsky burial ground Sopka-2/4 (Molodin, 1985: 43-44). The rest of the burial equipment is generally typical for burials of this culture [Ibid., p. 44].

In the same group of graves, a complex was investigated in which the later burial of the Krotovo culture almost completely overlaps the earlier grave of the Odinovo culture.

Burial No. 410 (figs. 2, 31, 32). A grave pit measuring 0.46 x 1.02 m in the upper outline and 0.41 x 0.96 m in the lower outline. The depth of the pit varies from the level of the mainland - 0.25-0.31 m (Fig. 32). The walls of the pit are straight, the western one has a step 0.06 m wide.

29. Stone products from border No. 409.

30. Bone objects from border No. 409.

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31. Burial of the Odin culture No. 410.

The height of the walls is different: in the western part it is higher than in the eastern part, because the upper part of the burial is broken by a later burial No. 381.

The filling of the grave consists of two parts separated by a burrow. One part is represented by light gray sandy loam, in which the bones of the buried person lay, the other is a homogeneous soil of dark gray color.

A child is buried. Almost the entire skeleton is broken by the ponor passing through the burial. Judging by the preserved parts of the skeleton, the deceased was placed in the grave in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing northeast. In situ, a crushed skull lying on the right side (?), bones of the right arm and the tibia of the right leg were found. The head of the deceased is slightly raised above the torso, which is typical for Odin burials.

Bones of a small animal or bird were found near the eastern wall above the skull of the buried person. A bone point (?)is fixed in the chest area. 32, 2).

Judging by the construction of the grave pit and the position of the bones of the buried person preserved in situ, the burial site belongs to the Odin culture. It is completely blocked by a grave pit belonging to the Krotovo culture.

Burial No. 381 (figs. 2, 23, 33). The upper part of the grave was severely disturbed during the operation of the road, so the boundaries of the grave pit of a complex outline are poorly read. The burial is paired. Given the outline of the pit, it can be assumed that it was earned separately, for each buried person.

32. Plan (1, a), longitudinal section (1, b) of border N 410 and bone point (2).

33. Burial No. 381.

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Fig. 34. Burial equipment from pogr. N 381.

Skeleton 1 was oriented with its head to the north-northeast. Approximate boundaries of the pit in the area where the bones of the skeleton are located are 1.81×0.47 m, depth up to 0.08 m. The size of the pit in the area of the bones of the skeleton 2 is 1.60×0.39 m, the depth is up to 0.10 m.

Skeleton 1 belongs to an adult. The bones are poorly preserved. The deceased is buried on his back in an extended position, the left arm, slightly bent at the elbow joint, was stretched along the body, the right arm was moved away. The right shoulder is higher than the left. The face of the skull is turned towards the eastern wall. As a result of rodent activity, the radial and ulnar bones, the right hand, and the right wing of the pelvis have shifted and are below the level of other bones. On the skull (on the eye sockets and upper jaw) - two rows of pendants made of moose teeth (8 units) (Fig. 34, 1, 2). Just above the pelvis on the right was a stone "moon-shaped" pendant (Fig.34, 3).

Skeleton 2 is located at an angle of approx. 30° to skeleton 1. The skull is located at the level of the chest bones of skeleton 1. An adult is buried. He was placed in the grave in an elongated position on his back, with his head facing north-north-east, his right arm was extended along the body, and only the humerus remained from the left. From the bones of the lower part of the skeleton there are fragments of the pelvis, femur and tibia of the left leg. Because of the burrow, part of the chest bones is displaced. It is clearly visible that the skull lies above the other bones, as if on an earthen pillow.

According to the position of the skeletons and the presence of a "moon-shaped" suspension, the burial can be attributed to the Krotovo culture. The pendant is similar to two ornaments from the Krotovo burial ground No. 409 of the Tartas-1 burial ground.

Conclusions

The results of the study of the group of graves under consideration at the Tartas-1 monument allow us to determine the time sequence of cultural complexes of the Bronze Age. Burial of Ust-Tartass culture No. 422 is blocked by burial of Odinovskaya culture No. 379. Odin's graves N 382-384, 410

burial sites of the Krotovo culture N 381 and 409 were cut and blocked. On top of the burials of the Ust-Tartass culture were Late Krot graves N 405 and 414 (see Fig. 2). This sequence confirms the correctness of the periodization of Bronze Age cultures of the Barabinsk forest-steppe created by one of the authors of the article (Molodin, 1985, pp. 78-79; 2001).

It should be noted that a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, which have recently been determined from the materials of the burial grounds Sopka-2, Tartas-1 and Preobrazhenka-6, have somewhat changed the idea of the temporal affiliation of the above-mentioned cultural formations. The aging of the Andronovo (Fyodorov) burials of the Tartas-1 burial ground [Molodin, Parzinger, Marchenko et al., 2008] fits into the general concept of aging of monuments of this culture, developed on the basis of radiocarbon dates obtained by different research teams from samples from objects of rather remote territories [Svyatko et al., 2009, p. 244; Kiryushin, Grushin, Orlova, Papin, 2007]. However, the extension of the Odin culture burials to the first half of the third millennium BC (based on the materials of the Sopka 2 / 4A burial ground) [Molodin, Marchenko, Grishin, and Orlova, 2010, p. 244], and especially the assignment of a series of burials from the Sopka 2/4B Krotovo culture burial ground to this boundary, raises a number of questions for specialists. which can't be answered unambiguously yet. According to the calibrated dates, the chronological framework of the Ust-Tartass culture is the end of the 5th-middle of the 3rd millennium BC (Marchenko, 2009, pp. 141-143).

It seems that it is necessary to take into account a fairly wide time range, in this case - more than half a millennium, which is given by radiocarbon dates. In reality, these limits may be significantly narrowed. This may apply both to the Odinovsky and Krotovsky burials of the Sopka-2 burial ground, and to the burials of the Ust-Tartass culture. It has already been noted that in this region of Western Siberia, at a certain stage, two cultural lines could develop in parallel: the Odinovskaya and Krotovskaya cultural groups may have existed at the same time (Molodin, 2010). To get a more accurate answer-

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To answer these questions, it is desirable to have a larger series of radiocarbon dates for different sites, which will be determined in different highly rated laboratories. The stratigraphic data discussed in this article are of particular importance for the development of historical and cultural problems of Bronze Age monuments.

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The article was submitted to the Editorial Board on 14.03.11.

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