Informational and analytical article based on the materials of the general censuses, mainly in 1989 and 2002. Special attention is paid to the dynamics of the demographic composition and language processes of small indigenous peoples of Western Siberia. The article considers the number and distribution of 38 ethnic groups from the multinational environment of the former USSR, numbering in each subject of the Russian Federation (from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District to the Altai Republic) at least 1 thousand people. Different distribution models, clusters of similar ethnic composition of districts, and the ratio of the share of aboriginal, non-Russian, and ethnically Russian populations in each of them are documented. At the end of the 20th century, the most specific geographical features were found in the Far North (Yamal) and the mountainous country (Altai).

Keywords: small-numbered peoples of Western Siberia, migrants, subjects of the Russian Federation, general censuses, ethnodemography.

Western Siberia is located in the middle part of the Russian Federation and occupies approximately 14 % of its area. It is an intermediate region between the Western (European) and Eastern (Asian) territories. According to the administrative division of the 1990s, nine federal subjects were completely located in this space: the Tyumen Region (administrative center-Tyumen) with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, center-Salekhard) and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (Khanty - Mansiysk, center-Khanty-Mansiysk), Omsk (Omsk), Tomsk (Tomsk), Novosibirsk (Novosibirsk), Kemerovo (Kemerovo) regions, Altai Krai (Barnaul) and the Altai Republic (Gorno-Altaisk). In the Soviet period (including 1991), all these territories were considered together as the West Siberian Economic Region. The Altai Republic (at that time the Gorno-Altaisk Autonomous Region) was part of the Altai Territory. In May 2000, the territories of Western Siberia were incorporated into new administrative divisions: the northern regions were included in the Ural Federal District (Tyumen Region with autonomous districts), the rest - in the Siberian one. In this paper, the demographic situation in Western Siberia is analyzed mainly based on the results of the All - Union Population Census of 1989 (sections - "permanent population"), but data from other general censuses are also used for comparison.

Before the arrival of the Russians at the end of the late Middle Ages, the territory of Western Siberia was extremely sparsely populated by autochthonous peoples of three language families - Uralic (Ugric and Samoyedic), Altai (Turkic and Tungusic) and Yenisei. They are now known as the Khanty and Mansi (Ugrs), Nenets, Ents and Selkups (Samoyeds), Siberian Tatars, Chulyms, Khakas, Teleuts, Shors, peoples of the Altai Mountains - Altaians, or Altai-Kizhi, Telengits, Tubalars, Kumandins, Chelkans (Turks), Evenks (Tunguses), Chum (Yeniseytsy). In accordance with global demographic trends in Western Siberia, the most intensive increase in the number and density of the entire population, its heterogeneity and urbanization occurred in the XX century.

The territory under consideration is characterized by a multinational composition of the permanent population in both urban and rural areas. The total number of inhabitants of the above-mentioned nine subjects of the Russian Federation is 15.0 million people according to the 1989 census and 14.8 million. according to the 2002 census. This amounts to

page 128
approximately 10 % of the total population of the Russian Federation in both the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. At a critical stage in the history of our country, the dynamics of the total permanent population in Western Siberia was uneven. By the beginning of 1993, the region lost a total of 32 thousand people (this is -0.2 % of the population in 1989), but quickly compensated with an increase of 147 thousand people by 1996 (+0.77 % from 1989). However, at the very turn of the century, a new wave of losses of 337 thousand people was recorded. in comparison with 1996 (as a result -1.5% from 1989). And if in the early 1990s negative dynamics of the population was observed only in two subjects (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, but mainly in the Altai Territory), then at the end of this decade and at the beginning of the XXI century. it has spread to most of Western Siberia. The increase in 1996 - 2002 was recorded only in the Far North - in areas of intensive oil and gas development (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and especially Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug), and even in the far south, in the Altai Republic, where the number of inhabitants actually remained at the level of 1996. The total loss of permanent population in Western Siberia for the inter - census period of 1989-2002 amounted to 223 thousand people. pers.

Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North during the same historical period showed a positive dynamics in their numbers, which was reflected in the following growth rates in 2002 compared to the data of 1989: Nenets (Asian and European) +20.8 %, Khanty +28.7, Mansi +38.0, Selkups +19.2, Chum +37.8, Ents +19.7 % (Table 1). Such a significant increase in the size of the population is partly due to a change in the national (ethnic) identity of descendants of interethnic marriages in areas where these peoples live compactly and an increase in the attractiveness of choosing indigenous ethnicity among parents and young people. The process is documented, for example, for the Narym (Sredneobsky, or southern) Selkups and aboriginal groups of the Ob and Yenisei North (Kvashnin, 2000; Kosikov and Kosikova, 1998; Krivonogov, 2003; Martynova and Pivneva, 2005; Markhinin and Utsalova, 1996; Pivneva, 1999; Shakhovtsov, 2006,2007; Shakhovtsov and Funk, 2003). 2000]. Its role is particularly significant, apparently, for extremely small groups of aborigines. Thus, the factor of changing ethnicity by ethnically mixed descendants has little effect on the dynamics of the number of Nenets in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Volzhanina, 2007, 2010). A certain contribution to the growth of the number of autochthonous peoples is also made by a consistently higher level of natural growth among them compared to the rest, primarily the urban population. A typical picture is described for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: "In connection with the adoption of a number of laws in the early 90s that provide significant benefits to indigenous peoples, there has been a noticeable increase in the dynamics of their number. This is due both to a higher natural growth rate and to the fact that when obtaining passports, children who reached this age and were born in mixed marriages were more likely to record the nationality of the parent who belonged to the category of small-numbered peoples. And many adults, with good reason, also changed their nationality. In the 1990s, the number of indigenous peoples of Yamal, most of whom live in rural areas, grew both absolutely and relatively " [Orujieva, 2005, p. 149]. Analyzing the materials of the last general censuses of 1979-2002, experts come to the conclusion that "the overall picture of changes in the number of indigenous small-numbered peoples... It is seen in a more favorable light than the demographic situation in Russia as a whole" and is defined as "moderately optimistic" [Sokolova and Stepanov, 2007, pp. 82-83, 93].

The combined group of ethnic communities of the indigenous peoples of Gorny Altai and Teleuts also increased numerically during the inter-census period at the turn of the century (+11.8 %). And only the Chulym and mountain Shors have the opposite picture: losses amounted to -23.3 and -11.3%, respectively.

Siberian Tatars are represented as an independent unit of accounting only in the 2002 census as part of the ethnic community of Tatars. They were recorded as 9.6 thousand people (mainly in the Tyumen region), which is almost 20 times lower than the ethnographers ' estimate of the total number of indigenous Siberian Tatars (Tomilov, 1994; Korusenko, 2002; Korusenko and Kuleshova, 1999). Despite the ongoing process of their merger with the Tatars-European settlers of the beginning of the last century, the number of the ethnic community of Siberian Tatars is less than 10 thousand people.

The materials in Table 1 indicate the gradual urbanization of indigenous peoples. The increase in the share of urban residents is especially noticeable among the Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi): in 2002, the increase was 5-6% compared to the previous general census of 1989. For these peoples, an important role was played by the transfer of settlements to the status of urban settlements in connection with the development of the oil and gas industry in the region.

However, the vast majority of the indigenous peoples of Western Siberia in the late XX - early XXI centuries remained rural residents (with the exception of the mountain Shors and Mansi). For Shors living compactly in the Tashtagolsky district of the Kemerovo region, the urbanisation index has long been in line with the Russian average-73 % of citizens according to 1989 data. A decrease in the share of urban residents was noted for Enets, Selkups, and Chulyms. It is possible that some of the Chulym Turks were identified in the 2002 census under the former ethnonym "Khakasy". It should be remembered that the number of Enets and Chulyms is very small, so any changes in the demographic status of them will be presented-

page 129
1 Dynamics of the number and composition of the aboriginal peoples of Western Siberia according to the general population censusesTable 1.*

Indicator

1897

1970

1979

1989

2002

1

2

3

4

5

6

Nenets

Total, pers.

11 162

28 487

29 487

34190

41 302

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

3 721

4 301

5 840

7 844

%

-

13,1

14,6

17,1

19,0

of these, men, %

-

49,8

44,8

44,0

40,5

women, %

-

50,2

55,2

56,0

59,5

rural population, pers.

-

24 766

25 185

28 350

33 458

of these, men, %

-

48,6

48,3

48,1

48,1

women, %

-

51,4

51,7

51,9

51,9

Khanty

Total, pers.

16 745

21 007

20 743

22 283

28 678

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

3 143

4 694

6 636

9 924

%

-

15,0

22,6

29,8

34,6

of these, men, %

-

46,7

44,3

43,0

41,8

women, %

-

53,3

55,7

57,0

58,2

rural population, pers.

-

17 864

16 049

15 647

18 754

of these, men, %

-

47,7

47,8

47,6

47,4

women, %

-

52,3

52,2

52,4

52,6

Mansi

Total, pers.

6 937

7 609

7 434

8 279

11 432

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

1 960

2 624

3 779

5919

%

-

25,8

35,3

45,7

51,8

of these, men, %

-

43,7

43,6

41,4

43,3

women, %

-

56,3

56,4

58,6

56,7

rural population, pers.

-

5 649

4 810

4 500

5513

of these, men, %

-

47,0

47,1

47,9

47,3

women, %

-

53,0

52,9

52,1

52,7

Selkups

Total, pers.

5 664

4 249

3 518

3 564

4 249

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

614

668

900

786

%

-

14,5

19,0

25,3

18,5

of these, men, %

-

46,3

41,5

43,8

44,9

women, %

-

53,7

58,5

56,2

55,1

page 130
Continuation of Table 1

1

2

3

4

5

6

rural population, pers.

-

3 635

2 850

2 664

3 463

of these, men, %

-

49,0

48,6

47,9

48,4

women, %

-

51,0

51,4

52,1

51,6

Chum salmon

Total, pers.

837

1 161

1 072

1 084

1 494

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

125

184

193

406

%

-

10,8

17,2

17,8

27,2

of these, men, %

-

47,2

41,8

42,5

38,2

women, %

-

52,8

58,2

57,5

61,8

rural population, pers.

-

1 036

888

891

1 088

of these, men, %

-

48,0

50,1

48,6

51,2

women, %

-

52,0

49,9

51,4

48,8

Entsy

Total, pers.

477

approx. 340
[Vasiliev, 1964]

[300]
(estimated data: included in the Nenets population (Sokolova and Stepanov, 2007))

198

237

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

-

-

81

51

%

-

-

40,9

21,5

of these, men, %

-

-

-

43,2

45,1

women, %

-

-

-

56,8

54,9

rural population, pers.

-

-

-

117

186

of these, men, %

-

-

-

61,5

53,2

women, %

-

-

-

38,5

46,8

Chulymtsy (Chulym Turks)2*

Khakasy, Tomsk region.

Chulymtsy, Tomsk region and Krasnoyarsk Krai

Total, pers.

-

-

-

838

643

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

-

-

269

44

%

-

-

-

32,1

6,8

rural population, pers.

-

-

-

569

599

Shortsy (mountain), Kemerovo region3*

Total, pers.

-

-

-

13 191

11 695

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

-

-

9 557

8 563

%

-

-

-

72,5

73,2

rural population, pers.

-

-

-

3 634

3 132

page 131
End of Table 1

1

2

3

4

5

6

4Altaians*

Total, pers.

-

-

-

67 145

75 055

Including:

urban population, pers.

-

-

-

10 828

14 328

%

16,1

19,1

rural population, pers.

-

-

-

56 317

60 727

1 * Compiled from: Peoples of Siberia and the North..., 1994; Population and composition..., 1992; Results of the All-Union Census..., 1989; Russian Statistical Yearbook..., 1999; Results of the All-Russian Census..., 2004, Table 1, pp. 7-19; Vasiliev, 1964; Sokolova and Stepanov, 2007; http://www.perepis2002.ru

2* The Chulyms (Chulym Turks) of the middle Chulym region from 1939 to the mid-1990s were recorded as Khakas in official documents; residents of the lower Chulym River were counted as Chulym Tatars, and in the 1926 census as Karagas (Lvova and Dremov, 1991). According to the 2002 Census, 656 Chulym residents were registered in the Russian Federation, including 484 in the Tomsk Region and 159 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

3* A total of 13,975 Shor residents were registered in the Russian Federation in 2002, of which 9,939 were urban residents.

4 * Altaians - total aboriginal peoples of Gorny Altai and Teleuts; total population in the Russian Federation is 77,822 people. According to the 2002 census, there were 2,534 Teleuts in the Kemerovo region (41,2 % of them urban residents), which is 95,6% of their total population in the Russian Federation (2,650 people).

lei or localities have a significant impact on statistical indicators.

The sex ratio among the peoples of the Far North is characterized by an increase in the predominance of the female population, especially among urban residents: up to 57-58% among the Mansi and Khanty, up to 60-62% among the Nenets and Kets (according to the results of the 2002 census). In rural areas, there are also more women (with the exception of Entsy and Kets), but the gender disparity is less pronounced here.

At the end of the 20th century (1989), the majority of rural residents of indigenous small-numbered peoples called their native language (with the exception of Mansi, Entsy, and especially Chulymtsy; Table 2). This component of ethnic identity is most pronounced among the Nenets, Mountain Shors, and the total group of Altaians (78-90%). Among them, the majority of not only the rural but also the urban population considered the language of their people to be their native language. Since 1970, the natives of the north of Western Siberia have tended to reduce the proportion of rural residents who recognize the language of their people as their native language. This trend is most typical for Mansi and chum salmon. Accordingly, the proportion of people who consider Russian to be their native language is increasing in rural areas. Linguistic assimilation is a typical phenomenon for indigenous citizens. They, in comparison with rural residents, have a preponderance in the direction of people with a native Russian language of 20 - 30 % (only the Kets have less, and the Chulyms have a different picture from all aboriginal peoples - the predominance of Russification in the village).

The correlation between the linguistic identity reflected in the category "native language" and the actual functioning of the national and Russian languages in rural residents of russified areas of the West Siberian taiga is given by the sample material obtained in the contact group of the Nazym khanty of the village. Kyshik of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in October 2006 (Table 3). It is clearly seen that the high level of recognition of the Khanty language as a native language (71% versus 19% for the Russian language) is not supported by the practice of using it even in the family sphere (only 26%, with a significant difference between the two languages). combined with Russian). In the Khanty-Russian Mestizos, language assimilation is almost complete in practice (94 % use only Russian in the family). Linguistic identity is more inert, but even here Russian is recognized as a native language twice as often as Khanty.

In the 2002 census, the category "mother tongue" was replaced by "language proficiency". The obtained statistical data indicate significant differences between the indigenous peoples of Western Siberia in this indicator (Table 4). The minimum number of people who speak the language of their own people is among the Mansi and Tubalars (24-28%), and the maximum number is among the Teleuts, Nenets, and Altaians/Altai - Kizhi (71-98%).

Based on the data of the 1989 census, we calculated the ethnic structure of the urban and rural permanent population, the proportion of men and women in the total population, data on the native language and the share of aboriginal peoples in the total population of each West Siberian subject of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the population of the Tyumen region is analyzed not only as a whole, but also as a whole.

page 132
Distribution of indigenous peoples of Western Siberia by native language (according to general population censuses), Table 2. %*

People

Percentage of people who consider themselves native

the language of your own people

Russian

1970

1979

1989

1970

1979

1989

Nenets:

urban population

64,8

54,3

56,5

27,7

41,4

40,6

rural "

86,6

85,4

82,0

5,9

8,5

12,8

Khanty:

urban population

42,2

43,9

42,9

57,5

55,9

56,3

rural "

73,8

75,1

68,4

25,5

24,4

31,0

Mansi:

urban population

30,0

32,7

25,1

69,8

67,2

74,3

rural "

59,9

58,9

46,4

39,8

40,7

52,9

Selkups:

urban population

28,8

34,7

31,4

71,0

64,5

66,6

rural "

54,7

61,7

53,2

44,1

36,7

45,2

Chum salmon:

urban population

39,2

46,8

35,8

56,0

51,6

59,1

rural "

79,2

62,9

51,6

16,4

34,8

47,4

Entsy:

urban population

-

-

42,0

-

-

53,1

rural "

-

-

49,6

-

-

27,3

Chulymtsy ("Khakasy" of the Tomsk region):

urban population

-

-

36,4

-

-

63,6

rural "

-

-

31,8

-

-

68,2

Gorny Shortsy (Kemerovo region):

urban population

-

-

52,0

-

-

48,0

rural "

-

-

77,5

-

-

22,5

Altaians (peoples of Gorny Altai and Teleuts):

urban population

-

-

66,7

-

-

33,1

rural "

-

-

90,1

-

-

9,9

* Compiled from: Number and composition..., 1992; Results of the All-Union Census..., 1989.

and separately in three territories: YANG AO, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and the southern part of the region, which includes the cities of Tyumen and Tobolsk. The Altai Territory is also represented by summary data and separate data on the Gorno-Altaisk Autonomous Okrug, which received the status of a republic within the Russian Federation in the 1990s (hereinafter referred to as the Altai Republic).

In all territories except the Altai Republic, the permanent population was dominated by urban residents with the maximum share in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (90.9 %) and the minimum in the Altai Territory (55.8 %). The latter value is only partially due to the very low indicator for the Altai Republic (27.1 %). In the tertiary sex ratio, there is usually a predominance of the female population over the male, both in the urban and rural demographic structure (the difference ranged from 0.3 % in the Tyumen Region to 4.0 % in the Altai Republic). Only in the autonomous okrugs that are part of the Tyumen Region, exceptions are noted: men here made up from 50.1 to 52.8 % of the total population.

The national composition of the inhabitants of Western Siberia in 1989 is extremely diverse: the census from-

page 133
Table 3. Language situation in the Nazym Khanty settlement. Kyshik (based on the author's field materials), %

Language

Khanty (persons without any other ethnic admixture)

Khanty-Russian mestizos-men (18 people)

Men (31 people)

Women (40 people)

Native:

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

71

70

28

Russian

19

13

55

Khanty + Russian

10

17

17

Spoken in the family:

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

0

0

0

Russian

74

70

94

Khanty + Russian

26

30

6

Share of indigenous peoples of Western Siberia who speak the language of their own people according to the All-Russian Population Census of 2002 (total for the Russian Federation) See Table 4.*

Language

People

Number of employees, pers.

They speak the language of their own people, %

Nenets

Nenets

41 302

75,9

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty

28 678

47,3

Mansiysk District

Mansi

11 432

24,0

Selkupsky District

Selkups

4 249

38,6

Ketsky

Chum salmon

1 494

32,5

Enetsky District

Entsy

237

50,2

Chulym-Turkic

Chulymtsy

656

41,2

Shorsky

Shortsy

13 975

44,4

Altai Territory

Altaians**

67 239

97,5

Tubalarsky

Tubalars

1 565

27,9

Kumandinsky District

Kumandin residents

3114

33,5

Chelkansky District

Chelkants

855

63,0

Telengit Language

Telengits

2 399

No data available

Teleutsky

Teleouts

2 650

71,4

* Compiled by: http://www.perepis2002.ru Results of the All-Russian Census..., 2004, Table 1, pp. 7-19; Table 4, pp. 123-124.

** Only the number of Altai-Kizhi whose language is accepted as a literary variant is given. Obviously, a part of Tubalars, Kumandins, Chelkans, and Telengits - native speakers of the literary language studied at school-also falls into the number of those who speak the Altai language.

representatives of 125 nationalities are marked. This reflects the current situation in a country with large-scale and multidirectional migrations: at the beginning of 1989 (the time of the general census in the USSR), more than 54 million people, i.e. 19% of the country's population, lived outside their national-state entities [Brook, 1992, p.60]. In almost all subjects of the region under consideration, ethnic Russians prevailed with the maximum share in the urban population of the Novosibirsk region.

(93.1 %) and minimal in rural areas of the Altai Republic (52.3%). The exception is the rural population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where this figure is 44.9 %. The share of ethnic Russians is also small in urban settlements of the autonomous okrugs that are part of the Tyumen Region, as well as in rural areas of the Khanty - Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Omsk Region-from 63.2 to 69.9 %.

Without taking into account the East Slavic peoples, there were from 2 to 15 ethnic groups in all subjects (including the aboriginal population) with a population of at least

page 134
See Table 5. The most numerous ethnic groups of Western Siberia according to the 1989 census (excluding East Slavic peoples)

Territory

Peoples with a population of

from 1,000 to 2,999 people.

from 3,000 to 4,999 people.

at least 5,000 people.

1

2

3

4

Tyumen Region:
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (population 494,844)

A. Selkups (1.5/0.31)
B. Mordvins (2.0 / 0.40),
Mari (1.2 / 0.24)
B. Kazakhs (1.4/0.28)
G. Armenians (1.3/0.26)
E. Jews (1.2/0.24)

B. Chuvash (3.7/0.75)
G. Azerbaijanis (3.4/0.69)
D. Germans (3.2/0.64)

A. Nenets (20.9/4.23),
Khanty (7.2 / 1.47)
B. Tatars (26.4/5.34),
Bashkirs (6.8/1.37),
Komi (5.7 / 1.16)
D. Moldovans (5.6 / 1.13)

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (population 1,282,396)

A. Nenets (1.1/0.09)
B. Komi-Permyaks (2.6/0.20)
B. Uzbeks (2.1 / 0.16)
G. Chechens (2.8 / 0.22),
Armenians (2.5/0.19),
Avars (1.2 / 0.09),
Ossetians (1.0/0.08)
D. Poles (2.0/0.16),
Lithuanians (1,1 / 0,09),
Greeks (1,1/0,09)
, Jews (2,3/0,18)

B. Udmurts (4.0/0.31),
Komi (3.4/0.27)
B. Kazakhs (3.1 / 0.24)
G. Kumyks (3.1 / 0.24),
Lezgins (3.1/0.24)

A. Khanty (11.9 / 0.93),
Mansi (6.6 / 0.51)
B. Tatars (97.7/7.62),
Bashkirs (31.1 / 2.43),
Chuvash (14.0/1.09),
Mordvins (7.1/0.55),
Mari (5.8/0.45)
G. Azerbaijanis (12.9/1.01)
D. Moldovans (10.4/0.81),
Germans (8,9 / 0.69)

South of the region (population 1,320,417)

A. Khanty (1.3 / 0.10)
B. Udmurts (2.3 / 0.17),
Mordvins (2.1 / 0.16),
Mari (2.0/0.15),
Komi (1.8/0.14)
B. Uzbeks (1.0/0.08)
G. Georgians (1.2 / 0.09),
Ingush (1.0/0.08),
Armenians (1.4/0,11)
D. Moldovans (1,7 / 0,13)
E. Gypsies (1,1 / 0,08),
Jews (1,0/0,08)

B. Bashkirs (3,2/0,24)
G. Azerbaijanis (3,2/0,24)

B. Tatars (103.3/7.82),
Chuvash (13.5 / 1.02)
B. Kazakhs (11.2 / 0.85)
D. Germans (17.5/1.33)

Omsk region (population 2,141,909)

B. Mordovians (2.8/0.13),
Komi (1.2 / 0.06),
Udmurts (1.2 / 0.06),
Bashkirs (1.3/0.06)
B. Uzbeks (1.3/0.06)
G. Armenians (2.2/0.10),
Azerbaijanis (2.0/0.09),
Georgians (1.1/0.05),
Chechens (1.1/0.05)
D. Poles (2.6/0.12),
Moldovans (1.7/0.08)
E. Gypsies (1.5/0.07)

D. Estonians (4.1/0.19), Latvians (3.2/0.15)

B. Tatars (49.8 / 2.33),
Chuvash (5.7 / 0.27)
B. Kazakhs (75.0/3.50)
D. Germans (134.2/6.27)
E. Jews (5.5/0.26)

Tomsk region (population 1,001,653)

A. Selkups (1.4/0.14)
B. Mordvins (2.6 / 0.26),
Udmurts (1.9 / 0.19),
Mari (1.1 / 0.11),
Bashkirs (2.3/0.23)

B. Uzbeks (3.3/0.33)

B. Tatars (20.8 / 2.08),
Chuvash (7.8 / 0.78)
D. Germans (15.5/1.55)

page 135
End of Table 5

1

2

3

4

B. Kazakhs (2.0/0.20)
G. Azerbaijanis (2.8 / 0.28),
Armenians (1.4/0.14)
D. Moldovans (1.9/0.19),
Poles (1.7/0.17),
Latvians (1.1/0.11)
E. Jews (1.5/0.15),
Koreans (1.0/0.10)

Novosibirsk region
(population 2,778,724)

B. Mari (2.1/0.08),
Udmurts (1.3/0.05),
Bashkirs (2.3/0.08)
B. Uzbeks (2.2 / 0.08),
Kyrgyz (1.2 / 0.04)
G. Armenians (2.3/0.08),
Georgians (1.2/0.04)
D. Estonians (2.0/0.07),
Latvians (1.2/ 0.04),
Moldovans (1.4/0.05),
Poles (1.4/0.05)
, Gypsies (1.9 / 0.07),
Koreans (1.3/0.05)

B. Mordvins (4.4/0.16)
G. Azerbaijanis (3.6/0.13)

B. Tatars (29.4 / 1.06),
Chuvash (6.1 / 0.22)
B. Kazakhs (12.3/0.44)
D. Germans (61.5/2.21)
E. Jews (7.6/0.27)

Kemerovo region
(population 3,171,134)

A. Altaians (2.6 / 0.08)
B. Mari (2.3 / 0.07)
G. Armenians (2.3/0.07),
Georgians (1.3 / 0.04),
Chechens (1.2/0.04)
D. Moldovans (2.3 / 0.07),
Poles (2.2/0.07),
Estonians (1.5/0.05),
Latvians (1.4/ 0.04)
E. Jews (2.9 / 0.09),
Gypsies (2.4/0.08)

B. Udmurts (4.4/0.14),
Bashkirs (4.4/0.14)
B. Kazakhs (3.4 / 0.11),
Uzbeks (3.0/0.09)
G. Azerbaijanis (3.9/0.12)

A. Shortsy (12.6/0.40)
B. Tatars (63.1 / 1.99),
Chuvash (24.4/0.77),
Mordvins (13.9/0.44)
D. Germans (48.0/1.51)

Altai Krai
(with the Altai Republic) (population 2,822,092)

B. Udmurts (1.2/0.04)
B. Uzbeks (1.6/0.06)
G. Armenians (2.7/0.10), Georgians (1.3/0.05)
D. Moldovans (2.1 / 0.07),
Poles (1.0/0.04)
E. Gypsies (2.8/0.10),
Jews (2.1 / 0.07)

B. Chuvash (4.7/0.17)
G. Azerbaijanis (4.0/0.14)

A. Altaians (64.0/2.27)
B. Tatars (8.1 / 0.29),
Mordovians (7.5/0.27)
B. Kazakhs (21.7 / 0.77)
D. Germans (127.7/4.53)

Altai Republic (population 190,831)

No

No

A. Altaians (59.1 / 31.0)
V. Kazakhs (10.7/5.61)

Note. A - autochthonous peoples, B-peoples of the Volga and Ural regions, C-Central Asia and Kazakhstan, D-Caucasus, E-foreign Europe (as of January 1, 1992), E-other peoples. The absolute and relative numbers of ethnic groups (thousand people/%) are shown in parentheses.

Siberian Tatars were included in the category of "Tatars" in the 1989 census. Kazakhs in all subjects are considered as a conditionally non-autochthonous population. The following census categories are included in the group of Jews: Jews, Mountain Jews, Georgian Jews, and Central Asian Jews.

page 136
5 thousand people (Table 5): from 5.2 thousand (Armenians of the entire Tyumen region) to 134.2 thousand (Germans of the Omsk region), the share of autochthonous West Siberian ethnic groups is highest in the rural population of the Altai Republic (38.1 %) and YANG AO (24.0%), and the minimum - among rural residents of the Novosibirsk region (0.44 %). It is to the latter very low value that the values of this indicator in the demographic structure of the majority of the considered subjects of the federation tend (0.52-12.1%).

The proportion of people of all nationalities who in 1989 called Russian their native language varies mainly in the range from 75.4 % of the total population of a particular region (city, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) to 96.4 % (city, Altai Krai). There are two significantly different values: 55.1% and 57.0% for rural residents in the far North (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) and the far South (Altai Republic) of Western Siberia, respectively. The proportion of people with a native language of their nationality in the total permanent population was 87-96% for the urban part of the ethno-demographic structure and 86-95% for the rural part in each of the analyzed regions.

In 1989, the share of nationalities representing European and Asian non-CIS countries in Western Siberia usually did not reach 0.10 % (excluding Germans and Poles). Almost everywhere, Europeans predominated, the relative number of which is 3 - 4 times higher in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and among the urban population of the Tyumen Region as a whole. Asian peoples of non - CIS countries are most represented in urban - type settlements of the Novosibirsk and especially Tomsk regions (0.08-0.16 %).

So, Western Siberia at the end of the XX century was characterized by a multi-million multi-ethnic permanent population. In general, the majority of the population here were residents of urban settlements, women, ethnic Russians, and people who recognize Russian as their native language. The share of aboriginal peoples, according to the data generalized for the subjects, varied mainly within very low values (0.36-3.2 %, taking into account the conditional share of the Tatar population). The exceptions are the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (6 %) and especially the Altai Republic (31%). Autochthonous ethnic groups are more numerous among rural residents everywhere. But even here, their combined share usually did not exceed 7%, with an exceptional picture in the far North and far South of Western Siberia (Khanty - Mansi Autonomous Okrug - 11%, Yamalo - Nenets Autonomous District-24%, Altai Republic-38%). The most numerous ethnic communities, not counting Russians, were in the Tyumen region as a whole and separately in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Ukrainians, Tatars, peoples of the Volga region and the Urals (in total, excluding Tatars), in the Tomsk and Kemerovo regions the same groups and additionally Germans; in the Omsk region Germans, Ukrainians, Kazakhs and Tatars; in the Novosibirsk region. Germans, Ukrainians and Tatars together with other peoples of the Volga region and the Urals; in the Altai Territory as a whole, Germans and Ukrainians; in the Altai Republic, Kazakhs. The most specific ethnodemographic landscape among the West Siberian subjects is characterized by the marginal territories of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and the Altai Republic, i.e., the areas of the most extreme physical and geographical conditions in the region.

At the end of the 20th century, especially after the collapse of the USSR (December 1991), there were factors in Western Siberia that contributed to the emergence of socio-psychological (including interethnic) tensions: aggressive development of the oil and gas industry, disparity in the level of education, employment and income of different strata of the multinational population, general instability of the social situation in the country, a significant increase in ethnic self-awareness among representatives of most ethnic groups, including indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, an increase in the number of migrants and the expansion of their national composition [Markhinin and Udalova, 1996; Stepanov, 1999]. However, there were no open ethnic conflicts.

Next, we will focus on a statistical comparison of the number and distribution of 38 Russian ethnic groups in the same nine regions of the Russian Federation, on the ratio of the share of aboriginal and alien populations in Western Siberia. For this analysis, ethnic groups are divided into three categories according to their number: from 1,000 to 2,999 people, from 3,000 to 4,999 and at least 5,000 people; their share in the permanent population of each territory is determined (Table 5). At the first stage, information on East Slavic peoples was not taken into account (for Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians). Without them, the most numerous ethnic groups of newcomers in Western Siberia, according to the 1989 census, were Germans in the Omsk region and Altai Territory, Tatars* in the south of the Tyumen region, in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Kemerovo Region, Kazakhs** in the Omsk region and Altai Territory, including 10.7 thousand people in the Altai Republic (table 6).

The distribution of the Volga and South Ural peoples shows the following trends: Bashkirs are concentrated mainly in the north - in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, while Chuvash people are concentrated in the Kemerovo Region, in the south of the Tyumen Region and in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The Mordvins, like many other peoples, are represented in most of the regions of the region, but the areas of the most compact residence of their representatives are mainly in the south - in Ke-

* In the 1989 census, the Volga-Ural Tatars (including Kryashen and Nagaibaks) and Siberian Tatars are considered as one category of "Tatars".

** Kazakhs are conditionally considered among non-indigenous ethnic groups.

page 137
Table 6. Geography of the maximum and closest absolute number of national groups in Western Siberia according to the 1989 census, thousand people.

Group

Size

Territory

Nearest value

Non-indigenous people

The Germans

134,2

Omsk region.

127.7 in the Altai Territory

Tatars

103,3

South of the Tyumen region.

97.7 in KhMAO

Kazakhs

75,0

Omsk region.

21.7 in the Altai Territory

Bashkirs

31,1

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

6,8 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

Chuvash people

24,4

Kemerovo region.

14.0 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, 13.5 in the south of the Tyumen region.

Mordovians

13,9

The same thing

7.5 in the Altai Territory, 7.1 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area

Azerbaijanis

12,9

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

4.0 in the Altai Territory, 3.9 in the Kemerovo region.

Moldovans

10,4

»

5,6 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

Jews (total)

7,6

Novosibirsk region.

5.5 in the Omsk region.

Mari people

5,8

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

2.3 in the Kemerovo region, 2.1 in the Novosibirsk region.

Komi Republic (Zyryans)

5,7

YANG AO

3.4 in KhMAO

Удмурты

4,4

Kemerovo region.

4.0 in KhMAO

Estonians

4,1

Omsk region.

2.0 in the Novosibirsk region.

Uzbeks

3,3

Tomsk region.

3.0 in the Kemerovo region.

Latvians

3,2

Omsk region.

1,4 in the Kemerovo region, 1,2 in the Novosibirsk region.

Kumyks

3,1

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

-

Lezgins

3,1

»

-

Chechens

2,8

»

1.2 in the Kemerovo region, 1.1 in the Omsk region.

Gypsies

2,8

Altai Territory (with the Altai Republic)

2.4 in the Kemerovo region.

Armenians

2,7

The same thing

2.5 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, 2.3 in the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions

Komi-Permyaks

2,6

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

-

The Poles

2,6

Omsk region.

2.2 in the Kemerovo Region, 2.0 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area

Georgians

1,3

Kemerovo Region, Altai Krai (with the Altai Republic)

1,1-1,2 in the south of the Tyumen, Omsk, and Novosibirsk regions

Koreans

1,3

Novosibirsk region.

1,0 in the Tomsk region.

The Avars

1,2

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

-

Autochthonous

Altaians

59,1

Altai Republic

-

Nenets

20,6

YANG AO

-

Shortsy

12,6

Kemerovo region.

-

Khanty

11,9

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

-

Mansi

6,6

»

-

Selkups

1,5

YANG AO

-

»

1,4

Tomsk region.

-

Note. Siberian Tatars were included in the 1989 census as part of the Tatars. Kazakhs are considered as a conditionally alien population. The following census categories are included in the group of Jews: Jews, Mountain Jews, Georgian Jews, and Central Asian Jews.

page 138
in the Merovskoy region and Altai Krai (Table 1). 6), but the maximum share is still observed in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (0.55 % of the total population).

Moldovans had the largest share in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (0.81 %) and Yamalo - Nenets Autonomous Okrug (1.13%), Azerbaijanis-in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1.01%). Armenians and Poles, unlike Azerbaijanis, are more evenly distributed across the territory of Western Siberia, with a small absolute number in each subject (no more than 3 thousand people). Uzbeks are similar to these groups. The number of Jews (in total, different historical and territorial groups of Europe, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia) is noticeably higher in the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions, but their share here is almost the same as in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (0.24 - 0.27 %). Ossetians, Ingush, Greeks, and Lithuanians are the least represented (1.0 - 1.1 thousand people each in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and in the south of the Tyumen Region). The territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is notable for the fact that the largest number of different ethnic groups has the largest population in Western Siberia (Table 6).

We can distinguish different models of distribution of non-autochthonous ethnic groups in the region according to our accounting criteria (the number in the subject is not less than 1 thousand people): 1) local (the same "island": Komi-Permyaks, Kumyks, Lezgins, Avars, Ingush, Lithuanians, Greeks, Ossetians, Koreans); 2) dispersed (the same "solid": Udmurts, Armenians, Georgians, Poles, Latvians); 3) focal-dispersed (the same "step": Germans, Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Mordvins, Mari, Kazakhs, Moldovans, Azerbaijanis, Jews); 4) gradient (a variation of "step": Komi-Zyryans, Estonians, Gypsies); 5) multi-island (same as "cross-lane": Chechens). In the local model, each ethnic group is settled in one, maximum in two (Koreans) bordering each other subjects. The dispersed model is characterized by a relatively small absolute number of ethnic groups in each subject and a uniform distribution in a large undisclosed area, i.e., a monotonous distribution, while the focal-dispersed model is characterized by the presence of one or two foci of sharply increased group size in a continuous area. The gradient model captures a clearly defined geographical direction of population decline from north to south (Komi, Chechens together with Ingush), from west to east (Estonians), from south to north (Gypsies) in the territories of at least three neighboring subjects. The multi-island model refers to a variant of the area that is open to the territories of other subjects; it is typical only for one ethnic group - the Chechens.

The territories of Western Siberia were further compared by the ratio of the number of 18 ethnic groups (Turkic and Finnish peoples of the Volga region, Estonians, Latvians, Germans, Poles, Moldovans, Jews, Gypsies, Kazakhs, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks). To identify typologically similar regions, they were clustered according to the proportions of these groups calculated in relation to the number of Tatars, conventionally taken as a unit (Figure 1). The greatest closeness of the ethnodemographic structures of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tomsk and Kemerovo, as well as Omsk and Novosibirsk regions, i.e. neighboring, geographically similar territories, was established. The southern part of the Tyumen Region is somewhat specific. It is grouped primarily with the northern autonomous okrugs (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug), but also tends to converge with the Tomsk Region. The Altai Territory (with the Altai Republic in total) is characterized by a very large peculiarity, mainly due to the sharp predominance of Germans over Tatars. If we exclude the influence of the German population on the overall result, the ethnostructure of the region is similar to that of the Omsk region (Figure 2). The leading factor in this case is their similarity in the predominance of ethnic Kazakhs over Tatars. Finally, the most peculiar ethnic composition of the population and its proportions at the end of the XX century can be considered the mountainous border territory - the Altai Republic. With the absolute minimum number of permanent residents among the West Siberian constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there is not a single alien ethnic group of more than 1 thousand people. (of course, except for Russians-115.2 thousand people. and Ukrainians-1.7 thousand people.

Figure 1. Clustering of the territories of Western Siberia by the share of 18 ethnic groups (relative to the number of Tatars).

page 139

Figure 2. Clustering of the territories of Western Siberia by the share of 17 ethnic groups (excluding Germans; relative to the number of Tatars).

we do not consider Kazakhs who are historically part of the aboriginal population).

Let us note that the geographically extreme regions of the far North and far south of Western Siberia - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and the Altai Republic - are the only ones among the analyzed subjects that are characterized by the absence of the maximum number of new ethnic groups for the region, while the largest number of indigenous peoples-the Nenets (20.6 thousand people) and Altaians (59.1 thousand people), respectively. only the Komi (Zyryans) in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, who have been living here for several centuries and do not differ from the autochthonous population by the leading type of traditional economy (these are the northern Komi reindeer herders, or Izhemtsy).

Let us briefly consider the ethnic panorama of Western Siberia in 1989, taking into account the representatives of the Russian people. For this purpose, we compared the same territories by the specific weight of several components of the ethno-demographic structure of the permanent population: 1) three East Slavic peoples separately, 2) other non-indigenous ethnic groups (collectively), 3) Aborigines (with a conditional share of Siberian Tatars), 4) total non-Russian newcomers in total (Table 7). All the territories of the Tyumen and Omsk regions are clearly distinguished. an approximately 2-fold increased share of the foreign population combined in the second subgroup (column 3 of Table). 7); the maximum value of 17.4 % was recorded in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The share of aborigines is particularly high in the Altai Republic (31.1 % - Altaians), and Russians - in the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions (90.5 - 92.0%). Ethnic Russians everywhere were the predominant group in the total population, with minimal values on the outskirts of the region - in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and the Altai Republic. And yet the differences between these remote ones are

See Table 7. The ratio of foreign, aboriginal and Russian population according to the 1989 census, %

Territory

Ukrainians

Belarusians

Other non-indigenous ethnic groups (>1,000 persons)

All foreign non-Russian population

Aborigines

Russians

The ratio of the number of aboriginal, alien and Russian populations

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

17,18

5,09

12,50

34,77

6,06

59,17

1 : 5,7: 9,8

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

11,58

2,17

17,41

31,15

2,33

66,30

1 : 13,4:28,5

South of the Tyumen region.

2,03

0,66

12,77

15,46

2,71

83,70

1 : 5,7 : 30,9

Omsk region.

4,89

0,51

13,90

19,30

0,78

80,32

1 :24,7: 103,0

Tomsk region.

2,58

0,91

6,87

10,36

1,00

88,23

1 : 10,4:88,2

Novosibirsk region.

1,84

0,47

5,27

7,58

0,35

92,02

1 : 21,7: 262,9

Kemerovo region.

2,06

0,61

5,93

8,60

0,48

90,51

1 : 17,9: 188,6

Altai Territory (with the Altai Republic)

2,72

0,41

6,70

9,83

2,27

87,51

1 : 4,3 : 38,6

Altai Republic

0,90

0,19

5,61

6,70

31,08

60,36

1 : 0,2: 1,9

Note. Tatars are counted twice: in the alien and aboriginal population, while the aggregate "aborigines" in the Khanty - Mansi Autonomous Okrug includes 1/10 of the total number of the category of accounting "Tatars", in the south of the Tyumen region, in the Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions-1/3 of the same category of accounting. Kazakhs are included only in the foreign population.

page 140
The regions of the Russian Federation are large in terms of the ratio of the shares of the total alien (non-Russian), aboriginal and Russian population: the scale of non-ethnic, mainly labor migration to the rapidly developing industrial Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is many times greater than in Gorny Altai. In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the share of multiethnic migrants is 5.7 times higher than that of the peoples of the North, and half of the newcomers (only about 35 % of the total number) are representatives of the Ukrainian people. It was here that before the collapse of the Soviet Union there was the highest concentration of Ukrainians in Western Siberia. In Gorny Altai, on the contrary, apart from Russians (115.2 thousand people) and Ukrainians(1.7 thousand people), there are practically no large non-indigenous ethnic groups. This component in the demographic structure is represented only by Chui Kazakhs, who are conditionally newcomers (for the appearance of Kazakhs in the Chui steppe, see, for example, [Oktyabrskaya, 2003]).

As shown in the last column of Table 7, the Omsk and Novosibirsk Oblasts accounted for the largest number of non - Russian newcomers per representative of aboriginal peoples, and the Republic of Altai had the smallest number of ethnic Russians; the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Oblasts had the largest number of ethnic Russians, and Gorny Altai and the Yamalo - Nenets Autonomous District had the smallest number. At the end of the 20th century, the gradient of increase in the total share of non - Russian newcomers from the south to the north of Western Siberia was clearly expressed: 6-7% in the Altai Republic, 8-10 % in the Altai Territory (as a whole), as well as in the Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions, 15 - 20% in the Omsk and southern Tyumen regions 31-35 % in the areas of intensive oil and gas development - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The reasons and time of migration of many ethnic groups to Western Siberia are different. They are related to historical and geographical factors (for example, for the Kazakhs and Komi) and the geopolitical interests of the Russian state, and in the last century they are due to internal state policies (economic-the creation of timber farms, oil and gas production and development, industrialization of the region; national-the resettlement of deported peoples; social-migration during the Stolypin reform, dekulakization). The nature of the settlement of representatives of many peoples was determined by the combined action of several factors (see, for example: [Korovushkin, 2003, 2004; Korovushkin, Lotkin, Smirnova, 2003; Ivanov, 2003; Deryabin, 2003; Reason, 2003, 2006; Garifullin, 1997; Koreans..., 2005]). For the majority of ethnic groups that migrated to this region, this issue is still insufficiently covered in the scientific literature. The level of their consolidation at the end of the XX century was analyzed by V. V. Stepanov for different subjects of the Russian Federation [1999], and the dynamics and probable causes of demographic processes observed in the last decades among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North and Siberia are reflected in the work of Z. V. Stepanov. P. Sokolova and V. V. Stepanov [2007].

List of literature

Bruk S. I. Narody byvshego SSSR v strane i za rubezhom [Peoples of the former USSR in the country and abroad]. 22. - p. 49-75.

Vasiliev V. I. Modern ethnic processes in the lower reaches of the Yenisei. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1964, 10 p. (in Russian)

Volzhanina E. A. Egaodemograficheskie protsessy v srede nenets Yamal v XX - nachale XXI veka [Egaodemographic processes in the environment of the Yamal Nenets in the XX-early XXI century]. sciences'. - Tyumen, 2007. - 22 p.

Volzhanina E. A. Egao demographic processes among the Nenets of Yamal in the XX-beginning of the XXI century. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2010, 312 p. (in Russian)

Garifullin I. B. Socio-demographic development of the Tatar population of the Tyumen region during the development of the North (1960-1996). - Tyumen: TOIPK PK, 1997. - 72 p.

Deryabin V. S. Komi-Permyak diaspora in Siberia: reasons for its formation and assimilation in the XX century / / V Congress of Ethnographers and Anthropologists of Russia: tez. dokl. - Moscow: IEA RAS, 2003, p. 362.

Ivanov V. P. Formirovanie chuvashskoy diaspory [Formation of the Chuvash Diaspora]. Rasy i narody [Races and Peoples], Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2003, issue 29, pp. 105-123.

Results of the All-Russian Population census of 2002: in 14 volumes-Moscow: Statistics of Russia, 2004. - Vol. 4. - Book 1: National composition and language proficiency, citizenship. - 946 p.

Results of the All-Union population census of 1989: Current accounting of the State Statistics Committee of the USSR under the section "Distribution of the population by nationality, native language and second language of the peoples of the USSR", Moscow: Goskomstat, 1989.] for the Tyumen region. - 200 p.; [Vol.] for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. - 129 p.; [Vol.] for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. - 117s.; [Howl] in the Omsk region. - 163 p.; [Vol.] in the Tomsk region. - 139 p.; [Vol.] for the Novosibirsk region. - 147 p.; [Vol.] in the Kemerovo region. - 224 p.; [Vol.] in the Altai Territory. - 164 p.; [Vol.] in the Gorno-Altaisk Autonomous Region. - 81 p.

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The article was submitted to the Editorial Board on 21.10.10.

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