November 7, 2007 marked the 80th anniversary of the birth and 50th anniversary of the famous Russian Mongol scholar, chief researcher of the Korea and Mongolia Department, teacher, translator, Doctor of Historical Sciences Mark Isaakovich Golman.

M. I. Golman was born on November 7, 1927 in Moscow in the family of lawyer I. M. Golman. His mother, B. A. Golman, a disabled child, was a homemaker. Both her sons, Lev and Mark, chose the path to science. His older brother Lev Isaakovich eventually became one of the most famous researchers and publishers of the works of the founders of Marxism in the Soviet Union, professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Scientist of the USSR. Since childhood, Mark has been a living example of an older brother who is passionate about scientific research.

Recalling his school years, Mark Isaakovich spoke about such a curious episode, which, as he believes, to some extent influenced his choice of path in Oriental studies. Once, in a history class at a secondary school, he had to answer a question about the Mongol invasion of Russia. Apparently, his extraordinary story made a certain impression on his classmates, who have since given him the nickname "Mongol". Perhaps this was one of the impulses that aroused the teenager's increased interest in the Mongols and Mongolia.

After finishing school in 1944, M. I. Golman entered the Mongolian department of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, which he managed to graduate with honors only in 1951. The fact is that from December 1950 to May 1952, he worked as a handyman and facer on the construction of the new building of the Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory, where he was sent on a voucher Komsomol. In those years, such prominent scientists as the historian M. V. Nechkina, the political economist E. Ya. Bregel, the orientalist N. I. Konrad, the linguist N. F. Yakovlev, the geographer E. A. Murzaev, and others taught at the Institute. The Mongolian language and other regional studies disciplines were taught by the famous philologist G. D. Sanzheev, as well as A. G. Rinchine, M. F. Kozyrev, P. P. Staritsyna and others.

After graduating from the MIV in 1951 and until 1957, M. I. Golman worked at the Museum of the Revolution of the USSR (now the Museum of Modern History), first as a translator of the Mongolian language, and then as a researcher.

On May 8, 1957, M. I. Golman joined the Institute of Oriental Studies, where he still works today. Over the years, he has grown from a junior researcher to one of Russia's leading Mongolian scholars, Chief Researcher and head of the Mongolian sector, which he headed for eight years (1996-2004).

Over the past decades, he has prepared and published more than 120 scientific papers on modern and contemporary history, source studies and historiography of Mongolia, on the history of Mongolian studies in the West in the XX century, including three individual monographs, as well as sections in a number of large collective national and international monographs - " History of the East "(Vol. 4, Moscow, 2006), " History of the Mongolian People's Republic "(3rd ed., reprint. Moscow, 1983), " History of Soviet-Mongolian Relations "(Moscow, 1981), " History of Mongolia. XX century" (Moscow, 2007) and others. He is the author of a large number of articles on the history and historiography of Mongolia in the Great and Small Soviet and Russian encyclopedias, an article on Genghis Khan in the Historical Lexicon (2007), as well as a number of reviews of books by Western authors: "Nomads and commissars. The Second visit to Mongolia "(1964), " Soviet Mongolia. A study of the oldest political satellite" (1967), " Mongols. Essays on their history and Culture "(1992).

M. I. Golman started his scientific activity at the Institute of Oriental Studies by participating in a large scientific and publishing project initiated by the famous Soviet Mongol scholar I. Ya.Zlatkin. We were preparing to publish a series of collections of archival materials on history

Russian-Mongolian relations in the 17th century. Despite a number of objective and subjective difficulties that led to a long delay in the publication of the volumes already prepared, the implementation of this ambitious project is successfully approaching completion. (Russian-Mongolian relations. 1607 - 1636. Collection of documents, Vol. 1. Comp. by L. M. Gataullina, M. I. Golman, G. I. Slesarchuk. Moscow, 1959; Vol. 2 (1636-1654). Comp. by M. I. Golman and G. I. Slesarchuk, Moscow, 1974; Vol. 3 (1654-1685). Sost. G. I. Slesarchuk, Moscow, 1996; Vol. 4 (1685-1691) Sost. G. I. Slesarchuk, Moscow, 2000.) Vol. 5 is currently being prepared for publication. The introduction to scientific circulation of a large array of new archival materials on the history of Russian-Mongolian relations of the XVII century (more than 570 documents, the total volume is about 160 pp.) is a major contribution to Russian and world Mongolian and Oriental studies and is invaluable for writing a reliable history of bilateral relations. The accumulated experience of working with archival documents helped M. I. Golman to take part in the compilation of another important collection of documents- " Soviet-Mongolian relations. 1921-1966" (Moscow). 1966), as well as in a joint Soviet-Mongolian project-the preparation of an expanded edition of documents and materials on the history of Soviet-Mongolian relations (Soviet-Mongolian relations. 1921 - 1974. Documents and materials in 2 volumes. Vol. 1 (1921-1940). Moscow, 1975; Vol. 2. (1941-1974). In 2 parts (ch. 1. Moscow, 1979. Part 2. Moscow, 1979). The publication of collections of documents and materials related to Soviet-Mongolian relations in the period after the victory of the people's revolution in Mongolia in 1921 and until the mid-1970s became a significant event in the history of relations between the two countries and a reference book for Mongolian scholars studying the history of the XX century.

Mark Isaakovich was actively engaged in research work. Thus, based on the study of archival materials, he published a number of articles on the history and historiography of the new and modern history of Mongolia, including " Russian translations and lists of the Mongolian-Oirat laws of 1640 "(1959), "Russian archival materials on the relations between Russia and Mongolia in the 30 - 50s of the XVII century." (1965, co-authored with G. I. Slesarchuk), "A valuable source on the modern history of the Mongolian People's Republic" (1965), " Problems of Feudalism in Modern Mongolian Historiography "(1984), "Russian Archival Materials on the history of Mongolia in the mid-50s - 80s of the XVII century" (1986), "Russkiye zavody archival materials on Galdan Boshogtukhan's relations with the Russian state "(1997), " A valuable legal monument on the history of Mongolia of the XVII-XVIII centuries "(1997), etc. He wrote reviews of the main sources and literature published in large, generalizing works, including the joint Soviet-Mongolian work - the one-volume "History of the Mongolian People's Republic "(3rd ed. Moscow, 1983, together with Kh. Perlee).

In the late 1950s, on the recommendation of I. Ya. Zlatkin, M. I. Golman was one of the first Soviet Mongolian scholars to specialize in studying the works of American, English, and other Western scholars on modern Mongolia. In 1961, in a collection with the characteristic title "Against falsification of the history of the East", his major article "The Press of the USA and England on the Mongolian People's Republic (1959)" was published, which for the first time in Russian Mongolian studies gave a critical review of articles by American and English authors about the modern MNR. And then there were other articles: "Modern History of Mongolia in bourgeois historiography and journalism "(1964)," Bourgeois Press on Mongol-Chinese relations (70s-early 80s) "(1983), "On the collective work of German scientists" Mongols. Essays on their history and culture "" (1993), etc. Soon M. I. Golman became a leading and recognized expert in this field in the USSR and the MNR. Thus, he can rightly be considered one of the founders of a new direction in Soviet Mongolian studies - the study of the history and current state of Mongolian studies in the West.

In the context of an acute ideological struggle between the two socio-political systems, the "iron curtain", artificially limited access of Western and Soviet scientists to primary sources of information and scientific literature of the opposite camp, insufficient knowledge of European languages, many Soviet Mongolian social scientists experienced a lack of reliable information about the real situation in this field of Oriental studies in the West. M. I. Golman's articles and books, despite their characteristic ideological bias and political pointedness at that time, opened the door to a new, unfamiliar world of Western "bourgeois" science, provided new, fresh, overview information about the main directions and features of the formation and development of Mongolian studies in the West, about individual Western scientists, and about the content of their works. the main works, their approaches and assessments of key moments in the history of Mongolia in the XX century and the history of Soviet-Mongolian relations.

Since then, the theme of Mongolian studies in the United States, England, France, Germany and other Western countries has become dominant in the work of M. I. Golman. He has written three monographs and a large number of articles on this topic.

The monograph "Problems of the Modern History of Mongolia in the US Bourgeois Historiography "(Moscow, 1970) was an attempt to bring together and analyze the concepts of the development of revolutionary Mongolia in US historiography. In it, he was based on the works of American Mongolian scholars O. Lattimore, D. Frithers, J. Murphy, R. Rupen, F. Holtzman, and W. Ballis. One of the advantages of this work of M. I. Golman was, in particular, that, in an effort to avoid the accusation of one-sidedness and tendentiousness, he made an attempt to more fully cover all the available literature in English, generalize it, analyze it as objectively as possible, identify the main trends in American historiography and show the main ideological, methodological and historical aspects of the work. It contains factual errors in the assessment of the post-revolutionary history of the MNR. At present, many of the previous approaches and estimates of M. I. Golman seem outdated and need to be corrected. He came to this conclusion in his works after the revolutionary events in our country in the 1990s. For example, in the article "Literature on the History of Mongolia of the XX century" (Vostok / Oriens, 2007), in which he gave a brief overview of Soviet, Russian, Mongolian, American and Western European historiography.

M. I. Golman continued studying the history of Mongolian studies and historiography of Mongolia not only in the United States, but also in other Western countries - France, Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, etc. The results of this large and time-consuming work are reflected in his second monograph " Studying the History of Mongolia in the West. XIII-mid-XX centuries" (Moscow, 1988). In it, the author set himself a difficult task-for the first time in Russian Mongolian studies, to trace the process of studying the history of the Mongolian people in the West from the XIII century, when the Mongol conquerors first appeared in Europe, and up to the middle of the XX century. To give a reasonable periodization of the main stages of formation and development of Western Mongolian studies, to identify and characterize the main directions of historical research on the history of the Mongol people in the West. Mongolia in France, Germany, England and the USA, to show the significance of these works for world Mongolian studies. The author successfully coped with his task.

This work of M. I. Golman received recognition and positive reviews not only in the USSR and the MNR, but also in the USA, China and other countries. One of the patriarchs of American Mongolian studies, J. R. R. Tolkien. Kruger called M. I. Golman's book "very necessary and useful", and recommended that its first chapter be published as a separate booklet as a textbook on the history of the discovery and study of Mongolia in the West in the XIII century. In 1989-1990, the first three chapters of this monograph were translated into Chinese and published in the Chinese scientific journal Menggu Xueqingbao yu Zilao, and then in 1992, a complete translation was published in Hohhot (the capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China).

Another major achievement of M. I. Golman in the study of the history of the formation and development of Mongolian studies in the USA and Western Europe in the second half of the XX century was his monograph " Mongolian studies in the West (centers, cadres, societies). 50s-early 90s of the XX century", which went through several editions. It was first published in Ulaanbaatar in 1998 in Russian, and then translated into Mongolian in 1999. A new, expanded and revised version of this work was published in 2004 in the Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The book, which became a natural continuation and result of many years of M. I. Golman's studies in this field, for the first time gave a detailed picture of the formation and development of leading scientific institutions, their divisions, scientific and educational programs, as well as the main works of the most famous Western researchers of history, language, literature, culture, religion, politics, and economics Mongolian-speaking peoples living in Mongolia, Russia, and China. The author scrupulously collected and summarized a large fragmentary factual and biographical material scattered across various sources and literature, and revealed the features of the institutional, scientific, organizational, problem-thematic, and personnel structure of Mongolian studies in the West as an independent field of Western orientalism.

In July 2000, at the suggestion of the President of the Academy of Sciences of the MNR, Academician B. Shirendib, and with the support of the Director of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician C. Dalai, Director of the Institute of International Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Khaisandai and other Mongolian scientists M. I. Golman presented the results-

He was the first among Russian Mongolian historians to successfully defend his doctoral dissertation directly in the country under study, having completed many years of research on the history and current state of Mongolian studies in the West in the form of a generalizing, detailed report "Mongolian studies in Western countries (50s-90s of the XX century)".

M. I. Golman's historiographical research is not limited to studying the works of Russian and Western Mongolian scholars. A number of his works are devoted to Mongolian historiography: "Review of sources on the history of Mongolia of the XX century", "Literature on the history of Mongolia of the XX century", "History, culture, historiography of Mongolia in the works of Sh. Bira", etc. He repeatedly used his extensive knowledge of the history of Mongolian studies to discuss the place and role of individual Russian, Buryat and other political and public figures in the history of the Mongolian revolution of 1921 and in the first post-revolutionary years. In particular, he wrote the articles " Ts. Zh. Zhamtsarano through the eyes of Western Mongol scholars "(1999), " E.-D. Rinchino through the eyes of Western Mongol scholars "(1996), etc.

To date, M. I. Golman has become one of the leading Russian specialists in the Russian, Mongolian and Western historiography of the new and modern history of Mongolia. Most of his historiographical works are characterized by the desire to cover the maximum possible and accessible range of works on this problem or each individual researcher, knowledge of his main works and milestones in his scientific biography, assessment of the degree of his scientific competence, knowledge of primary sources and literature, ideological or political bias, the desire to understand the author's concept, objectively assess the contribution of to world science.

In this connection, of particular interest are M. I. Golman's modern views on the results of the long-term coexistence and confrontation of two essentially opposite concepts - Soviet and Western-of Mongolia's historical development in the period between the national democratic revolution of 1921 and the peaceful democratic revolution of 1990. M. I. Golman calls the first of them apologetic, and the second - nihilistic. When evaluating them, he proceeds from the main thesis that both of these concepts were biased, that they did not stand the test of time and led to the fact that in the works of their adherents, the history of Mongolia in the XX century appears as a whole one-sided, one-dimensional and thus does not correspond to reality (see: Vostok / Oriens, 2007. N 4).

M. I. Golman dedicated his memoirs to the memory of some of his teachers and mentors in science, including I. Ya. Zlatkin - " The East is a very fascinating business. Memoirs of I. Ya. Zlatkin (1898-1990)", "A Word about Ilya Yakovlevich Zlatkin (1898 - 1990)", about Academician B. Shirendyb (not yet published). M. I. Golman was personally acquainted with some Western Orientalists and Mongolian scholars, including one of the most prominent sinologists and Mongolian scholars, the first president of the International Association of Mongolian Studies, O. Lattimore. M. I. Golman described his personal impressions about these meetings, about the life and scientific work of O. Lattimore in his memoirs published in Mongolian in 1990.

M. I. Golman's research interests and close attention also include the problems of contemporary political and socio-economic development of Mongolia, the course of inter-party and intra-party struggle, the formation of the political system, the development of democracy, the international situation of Mongolia, Russian-Mongolian relations, as evidenced by his articles "Spring of Renewal", " On the mood in Mongolian Society at the beginning of the XXI century" (2006), " On the presidential elections in Mongolia "(2006), etc.

Currently, he continues to work intensively, completing another monograph on the development of Mongolian studies in the West after the victory of the 1990 revolution in Mongolia.

M. I. Golman is a participant of many international and Russian scientific congresses, congresses, conferences and symposia and the author of reviews of these forums.

In 1990, at the invitation of the leadership of the Secretariat of the International Association of Mongolian Studies (IAM, headquarters in Ulaanbaatar, current President-III. Ozawa (Japan), General Secretary - acad. M. I. Golman worked in the staff of this organization for a year as a representative of foreign Mongolian studies. He described the activities of the IAM, the first international organization of Mongolian studies in the history of world science, an associate member of UNESCO, in the article "International Association of Mongolian Studies" (1991). In the message of congratulations to MOTHERS on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of M. I. Golman, in particular, it was said: "We are

We are glad to note that you are one of the active members of the Association, who supports the Association's activities to strengthen broad international cooperation of Mongolian scholars from different countries of the world with your specific actions."

For many years, M. I. Golman has successfully combined research work with teaching activities. Since the 1960s, he taught courses in economic geography, history and historiography of Mongolia at the ISAA at Moscow State University. Many of his former students became researchers and defended their PhD and doctoral theses-V. V. Nazirov, A. I. Fursov, I. P. Morozova, R. T. Sabirov, S. B. Namsaraeva, etc. With his direct assistance, the now well-known Mongolian scholars Sh. B. Chimiddorzhiev, Yu. V. Kuzmin, S. P. Vanchikova and others prepared and successfully defended their doctoral dissertations.

Another facet of M. I. Golman's multi-faceted talent was revealed in his translation work. He was one of the first non-philological Soviet Mongolian scholars to translate Mongolian folklore and works of fiction by contemporary Mongolian writers into Russian in the early 1960s. In its translation into Russian, the USSR published Mongolian folk tales, individual stories for children by famous Mongolian writers P. Horloo, B. Baast, L. Tudev, N. Nadmid, and the stories of D. Khadev. Myagmar, P. Horloo, D. Garma's novels "Earth and Sky", J. Lodoy's "Battle" (the latter - together with A. S. Zheleznyakov), etc.

M. I. Golman has long and sincerely loved Mongolia, its pristine nature, people, history, and original nomadic culture. He has repeatedly been on scientific trips to Mongolia, and he is one of the few living Russian Mongolian scholars who managed to visit all the aimags of the vast country. Due to his curiosity, sociability, ability to quickly establish friendly contacts with people, and knowledge of the spoken Mongolian language, he met and talked without an interpreter with many representatives of various strata of Mongolian society. His name is well known in Mongolia. He has many friends not only among his colleagues-scientists of different generations, but also among state and public figures, creative intelligentsia, arats-livestock breeders. During his many trips, he invariably kept travel diaries, which are still waiting for their detailed processing and publication. Undoubtedly, they contain a lot of interesting observations, descriptions, sketches, reflections, conclusions and lessons.

His achievements in scientific, pedagogical and translation activities for the benefit of Russia and Mongolia and Russian-Mongolian friendship were highly appreciated by the leadership of the friendly country. He was awarded state awards of Mongolia-the Order of the Polar Star (2006), the Druzhba medal.

For many years, M. I. Golman has been a vice-president of the Society of Mongolian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the Board of the Society of Friends of Mongolia, and often appears on the Voice of Russia radio station, which broadcasts programs in Mongolia. Awarded the medal "Veteran of Labor".

M. I. Golman has always taken and continues to take an active part in the public life of the Institute of Internal Affairs of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Korea and Mongolia. For several decades, he has been a permanent trade union leader in the department, constantly shows care and attention to all employees of the research team, does much to maintain an atmosphere of goodwill, cohesion, comradely mutual assistance and support.

Mark Isaakovich is a friendly, sociable, inquisitive, cheerful, cheerful person with a highly developed sense of humor, about such people they usually say "the soul of the company", "toastmaster". He is always ready to share his extensive knowledge and life experience. Despite his middle-aged years, he continues to actively engage in physical education, including walrus swimming. He has a poetic gift, likes to congratulate his relatives, friends and colleagues with friendly humorous and satirical poetic dedications. He always enjoys a well-deserved reputation and respect among his employees and numerous friends and colleagues in Russia, Mongolia and other countries, who wish him good health, long life and new creative achievements.

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