According to most large-scale studies, optimists live longer. However, the devil is in the details: the key role is not so much the presence of positive expectations as the absence of pessimism. What do the numbers say Data from long-term observations are quite consistent. Difference in life expectancy: the most famous study showed that the most optimistic women live on average 14 whole nine-tenths percent longer than their pessimistic peers, and men — 10 whole nine-tenths percent longer. The chances of living to eighty-five are 1.5 to seven-tenths times higher for optimists. Mortality: a meta-analysis of fifteen studies involving more than two hundred thousand people confirmed that optimism is associated with a reduced risk of premature death. Other data show that each ten points towards pessimism increases the risk of mortality by nineteen percent. An important nuance: some scientists believe that optimism and pessimism are not two sides of the same scale. Analysis shows that it is high pessimism that predicts an increase in mortality, while optimism itself may not provide additional protection. Why does this happen Optimists more often lead a healthy lifestyle: they move more, eat better, smoke and drink less often. Moreover, they cope more effectively with stress, which has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. Cultural context Interestingly, not all studies confirm this connection. For example, among elderly Japanese, optimism was not associated with life expectancy. Scientists suggest that in cultures with a different attitude towards positive thinking, this connection may not work. Long-lived optimists: real examples History knows many people whose positive attitude and activity helped them live a long and fulfilling life. Dick Van Dyke (100 years old). Legendary actor, known for his role as Bert in \"Mary Poppins,\" lived to be one hundred. He attributed the secret of longevity to the absence of anger and a calm attitude towards life. He ... Read more