Landscape art, along with architecture and miniature painting, was a favorite area of cultural patronage for all Timurids, including the Mughals. Timur himself was not indifferent to the gardens, who created several gardens in the suburbs of his capital Samarkand, watered by the waters of Zeravshan. The famous Timurid garden "Decorating the World" (Jahanara) was known far beyond the borders of Central Asia (Brookes, 1987). Mughal chroniclers scrupulously noted the dates of the foundation and names of new gardens and parks as facts of national importance. Thanks to this, we can fully understand the chronology of Mughal landscapeart1. For the Mughals, as elsewhere in the world of Islam, the earthly garden was a conscious memory and dream of a Muslim paradise (al-jannah). The first" horticulturist " of the Mughal dynasty was its founder Babur, who laid out gardens at the main stages of his long journey of conquest - in Kabul, Delhi, Agra, Devalpur, Lahore and other cities of the subcontinent. It is known from the Babur-nameh that in honor of the victory at Panipat in 1526, Babur laid out a large garden called Kabul-bakht, which, apparently, was his first garden and park construction in India (Jarazbhoy, 1958). In his gardens, Babur first applied the experience of growing Central Asian melons and a certain grape variety, which is still called Samarkand (angur-i Samarqandi) in India and Pakistan, and many Mughal gardens - "Grape" (Anguri Bagh). Babur's memoirs show that he disliked India, partly because of the lack of running water. In Babur Nam, he keeps coming back to this topic: "Most of Hindustan lies in the plain. Although there are many cities and regions in Hindustan, there are almost no channels with running water; only rivers have flowing water... Although in some cities it is possible to dig ditches and conduct water, it is still not carried out" (Babur, 1992, p. 156). And then: "The cities and regions of Hindustan are very unattractive... The gardens are not e ... Read more