The article analyzes the role of migration processes in Russian-Afghan relations in the first two decades of the 20th century. It describes the Jamshids as an ethnic group of northern Afghanistan, one of the four main Aimag tribes that fled from Afghanistan to Russian Turkestan in 1908. The arrival of the Jamshids and their settlement in the Transcaspian region of Turkestan created serious tension in Russian-Afghan relations. The article tells about the difficult fate of the Jamshids, which they had not only in Afghanistan, but also in Russia. Keywords: Afghanistan, Russia, Great Britain, migration, Jamshids, Afghans, Turkestan, governor. Russia's border with Afghanistan has always been affected by migration processes. The natural borders of the Amu Darya and Panj were not an obstacle to the movement of people in many areas, and the customs offices and border guard posts established by the Russian authorities on the border with Afghanistan in the 1890s, which politically divided the peoples living here, could not break their economic and economic ties. Cross-border migration often took the form of social or ethnic protest. The mass exodus of Afghan Jamshid nomads from Afghanistan to Russian territory in 1908-1909 was a factor that sharply worsened Russian-Afghan relations on the eve and during the First World War. On June 30, 1908, more than 2.5 thousand people moved from Afghanistan to the territory of the Central Asian possessions of Russia, to the Transcaspian region (now Turkmenistan). Jamshid families (12-15 thousand people) [English aggression in Afghanistan, 1951, p. 239] 2 and applied for their admission to Russian citizenship. Here is how the Afghan historian M. G. M. Gubar describes the background of this plot: "The flourishing lands of the Jamshids of Herat, which had long been covetously looked upon by large and influential feudal lords, as a result of a treacherous deal, passed into their hands. It so happened that the Herat feudal lords of the durbar, ... Read more