The article is devoted to the problem of including the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus in the process of building the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s .During this period , conditions were created for the social, cultural and intellectual development of mountain youth and the formation of their Soviet public consciousness. This process developed in a complex and non-linear way, but in general it led to the desired result - the inclusion of mountain peoples in the life and fate of the country. words: Keywords: Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, North Caucasus Military District, mountain peoples of the North Caucasus, mobilization, military accounting work. In pre-revolutionary Russia, the mountain population of the North Caucasus was not conscripted into the army on a general basis. This was due to the lack of state registration of the population, poor command of the Russian language and Russian literacy by mountaineers, and socio-political tensions in the region. Starting from the Crimean War of 1853-1856, as in the subsequent wars of tsarist Russia, volunteer national formations were a kind of palliative, which removed the problem of recruiting motivated mountaineers for military service and leveled the language barrier between military personnel within one military unit. The highlanders understood the absence of military service as their "natural", inherent privilege. During the First World War, conscription among mountaineers was prepared, but due to fears of uprisings, it was never implemented. Just as unsuccessfully during the Civil War, the problem was approached in 1918, first by the Soviet government, and in 1919 by the administration of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (VSYUR), which occupied the territory of the North Caucasus. Therefore, the Soviet government, which finally established itself in the North Caucasus in the spring of 1920, faced great challenges in this regard. For the Bolsheviks, it was fundamental not jus ... Read more